Anhydrous Ammonia Chemical Release — Lake County, Illinois, April 2019

Details

• Journal Article:
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Personal Author:
  Ahmed, Sana ; Bourgikos, Ellie ; Clemmons, Nakia S. ; Edge, Charles ; Harduar-Morano, Laurel ; Johnson, Mark D. ; Jones, Sydney A. ; Orr, Maureen F. ; Rispens, Jared R. ; Vyas, Aditi
• Description:
  On April 25, 2019, a farm tractor towing two 2-ton ammonia tanks on a county road in Lake County, Illinois, experienced a mechanical failure that resulted in the release of anhydrous ammonia, a colorless, pungent, irritating gas that can cause severe respiratory and ocular damage (1). Approximately 80% of anhydrous ammonia produced in the United States is used as a fertilizer in agriculture (1). Eighty-three persons, including first responders, motorists, and neighborhood residents, were evaluated at area hospitals because of exposure to the gas. Two weeks after the release, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and CDC's National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) collaborated with the Lake County Health Department and the Illinois Department of Public Health on an investigation using ATSDR's Assessment of Chemical Exposures program to describe the release, review the emergency response, and determine health effects associated with the exposure. First responders, community residents, and hospital personnel reported communication challenges related to the nature of the gas release and effective protective measures. Among the 83 persons evaluated at six area hospitals for effects of the chemical release, 14 (17%) were hospitalized, including eight (10%) who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), seven (8%) of whom required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation; no deaths occurred. In addition, ICU health care providers experienced symptoms of secondary exposure. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Emergency Responder Health Monitoring and Surveillance Program has specific recommendations and tools to protect responders during all phases of a response (2). Hospitals also need to review institutional policies and procedures for chemical mass casualty events, including decontamination (3). Prompt and correct identification of hazardous material (hazmat) events, and clear communication among responding entities, including on-scene and hospital responders, is important to ensure effective response after a chemical release.
• Subjects:
  Ammonia Environmental Exposure Full Report Occupational Health Surveys And Questionnaires Wounds And Injuries
• Source:
  MMWR Morbidity Mortal Weekly Rep. 69(4):109-113
• Series:
  Weekly Report: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• ISSN:
  0149-2195 (print) ; 1545-861X (digital)
• Publisher:
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (U.S.)
• Pubmed ID:
  31999683
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC7004403
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Illinois ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  5 pdf pages
• Contributor:
  Funk, Renee ; Wu, Jennifer ; Goodwin, Bradley ; Tierney, Paul N. ; Stahl, Thomas ; Ramirez, Pablo ; Barran, Matthew ; Idleburg, John D.
• Volume:
  69
• Issue:
  4
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20058483
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:9b99b3d4878d129b1f81d1b24eeea4c294cb3ed060721d88720d20ba6d2d62ff0c53030f75c30e6a4f02b30e854e5b8ff437f23d3b4aad3cbc6a78a506090d08
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/85141/cdc_85141_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 259.10 KB ]