National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.). Division of Cancer Prevention and Control.

Common risk factors for liver cancer include–

• Having hepatitis B or hepatitis C, cirrhosis, or hemochromatosis.

• Other risk factors are excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and excess weight gain.

The American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) population has higher rates of liver cancer incidence than non-Hispanic white people in all regions. Efforts to reduce liver cancer rates include vaccinating against hepatitis B, testing for and treating hepatitis C, reducing excessive alcohol use, and promoting healthy eating and physical activity.

Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Areas (PRCDA) are counties that contain federally recognized tribal lands or are adjacent to tribal lands. Race classification for the AI/AN population is more accurate in these counties.

Suggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Liver Cancer Incidence in the American Indian and Alaska Native Population, 2012–2016 (Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Areas). U.S. Cancer Statistics data brief, no 13. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2019.

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