Details:

Alternative Title:
Contraception
Personal Author:
Zapata, Lauren B. ; Jatlaoui, Tara C. ; Marchbanks, Polly A. ; Curtis, Kathryn M.
Zapata, Lauren B. ; Jatlaoui, Tara C. ; Marchbanks, Polly A. ; Curtis, Kathryn M. Less -
Description:
Background:

Potential barriers to intrauterine device (IUD) use include provider concern about difficult insertion, particularly for nulliparous women.

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of medications to ease IUD insertion on provider outcomes (i.e., ease of insertion, need for adjunctive insertion measures, insertion success).

Search strategy:

We searched the PubMed database for peer-reviewed articles published in any language from database inception through February 2016.

Selection criteria:

We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined medications to ease interval insertion of levonorgestrel- releasing IUDs and copper T IUDs.

Results:

From 1855 articles, we identified 15 RCTs that met our inclusion criteria. Most evidence suggested that misoprostol did not improve provider ease of insertion, reduce the need for adjunctive insertion measures or improve insertion success among general samples of women seeking an IUD (evidence Level I, good to fair). However, one RCT found significantly higher insertion success among women receiving misoprostol prior to a second IUD insertion attempt after failed attempt versus placebo (evidence Level I, good). Two RCTs on 2% intracervical lidocaine as a topical gel or injection suggested no positive effect on provider ease of insertion (evidence Level I, good to poor), and one RCT on diclofenac plus 2% intracervical lidocaine as a topical gel suggested no positive effect on provider ease of insertion (evidence Level I, good). Limited evidence from two RCTs on nitric oxide donors, specifically nitroprusside or nitroglycerin gel, suggested no positive effect on provider ease of insertion or need for adjunctive insertion measures (evidence Level I, fair).

Conclusions:

Overall, most studies found no significant differences between women receiving interventions to ease IUD insertion versus controls. Among women with a recent failed insertion who underwent a second insertion attempt, one RCT found improved insertion success among women using misoprostol versus placebo.


Subjects:
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Article Equipment Safety Female Humans Insertion Difficulty Intrauterine Devices Lidocaine Misoprostol Nitric Oxide Donors Nitroglycerin Nitroprusside Pain Randomized Controlled Trials As Topic Systematic Review
Source:
Contraception. 94(6):739-759
Pubmed ID:
27373540
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC6579527
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:efdd90d1378e1deca8f285dd2283e5f6c623b98772527bbbc58dbc7f4ab077db
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/79144/cdc_79144_DS1.pdf
File Type:

Supporting Files

• nihms-1033403.nxml

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