Prevalence of Blood Lead among Children Living in Battery Recycling Communities in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Int J Environ Res Public Health
• Personal Author:
  Prihartono, Nurhayati A. ; Djuwita, Ratna ; Mahmud, Putri B. ; Haryanto, Budi ; Helda, Helda ; Wahyono, Tri Yunis Miko ; Dignam, Timothy
• Description:
  This study aimed to assess the prevalence of blood lead levels (BLLs) among children 1 to 5 years old who reside near and distant to informally used lead-acid battery (ULAB) recycling locations and examine risk factors for elevated BLLs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three greater Jakarta neighborhoods where informal ULAB recycling occurs. Venous BLLs among 279 children were analyzed using portable blood lead testing machines. Demographic, child activities, and sources of lead exposure inside and outside homes were assessed. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with the prevalence of BLLs. Forty-seven percent of children had BLLs ≥ 5 µg/dL and 9% had BLLs ≥ 10 µg/dL. No differences in geometric mean BLLs were observed between children who lived near and distant to ULAB locations. Older child age groups [Prevalence Ratio (PR) 2.14, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.16, 4.18) and low household income (PR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03, 2.40) were associated with BLLs 5-9 µg/dL. Low educational attainment of the child's father (PR 3.17, 95% CI 1.23, 8.16) and frequent outdoor child activity (PR 4.93, 95% CI 1.09, 22.21) were predictors of BLLs ≥ 10 µg/dL. This study shows the association between lead exposure among children and environmental sources. Public health officials can consider expanded surveillance, health care provider education, and development of strategies to reduce lead exposure.
• Subjects:
  Article Battery Recycling Child Environment Lead
• Source:
  Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(7)
• Pubmed ID:
  30974753
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC6480953
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  DW-75-92323501-5/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/
• Place as Subject:
  Indonesia
• Volume:
  16
• Issue:
  7
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:67f39a45d189db6cc2399fd0c85becaaa8b9df7395ae904f13760e2d10480065
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/78189/cdc_78189_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 320.02 KB ]