The Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Influenza- and Respiratory Syncytial Virus–associated Hospitalizations in South African Children, 2011–2016

Details

• Journal Article:
  Clin Infect Dis
• Personal Author:
  McMorrow, Meredith L. ; Tempia, Stefano ; Walaza, Sibongile ; Treurnicht, Florette K. ; Moyes, Jocelyn ; Cohen, Adam L. ; Pretorius, Marthi ; Hellferscee, Orienka ; Wolter, Nicole ; von Gottberg, Anne ; Nguweneza, Arthemon ; McAnerney, Johanna M. ; Naby, Fathima ; Mekgoe, Omphile ; Venter, Marietjie ; Madhi, Shabir A. ; Cohen, Cheryl
  More +
• Description:
  Background. ; Data describing influenza– or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–associated hospitalized illness in children aged <5 years in Africa are limited. ; Methods. ; During 2011–2016, we conducted surveillance for severe respiratory illness (SRI) in children aged <5 years in 3 South African hospitals. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for influenza and RSV using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We estimated rates of influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalized SRI by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and compared children who tested positive for influenza vs RSV using multivariable penalized logistic regression. ; Results. ; Among 3650 hospitalized children, 203 (5.6%) tested positive for influenza viruses, 874 (23.9%) for RSV, and 19 (0.5%) for both. The median age of children hospitalized with influenza was 13.9 months vs 4.4 months for RSV (P < .01). Annual influenza-associated hospitalization rates per 100 000 were highest among infants aged 6–11 months (545; 95% confidence interval CI, 409–703), while RSV-associated hospitalization rates were highest in infants aged 0–2 months (6593; 95% CI, 5947–7217). HIV exposure was associated with increased incidence of influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalization in infants aged 0–5 months, with relative risk (RR) 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4–3.4) and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.3–1.6), respectively. HIV infection was associated with increased incidence of influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalization in all age groups; RR 2.7 (95% CI, 2.0–3.5) and 3.8 (95% CI, 3.1–4.8), respectively. ; Conclusions. ; Influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalizations are common among South African infants. HIV infection and HIV exposure in infants increase risk of influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalization.
• Subjects:
  • Child, Preschool
  • Coinfection
  • HIV Infections
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Influenza, Human
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
  • Risk Factors
  • Seasons
  More +
• Keywords:
  • influenza
  • respiratory syncytial virus
  • human immunodeficiency virus
  • incidence
  • South Africa
  • Chlorination
  • Household water treatment
  • Safe water storage
• Source:
  Clin Infect Dis. 68(5):773-780
• DOI:
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy532
• Pubmed ID:
  29961814
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC6432774
• Document Type:
  Text ; Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 IP001048/IP/NCIRD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01IP001048/ACL/ACL HHSUnited States/
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Volume:
  68
• Issue:
  5
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/76996/cdc_76996_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 469.42 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d01fe961ffd10530446107b331d60c200bd6d01d72923816c6227d978488fb4dc3ef685a696df5ae7dbb08f8dd3544e1f9003b5deb71b208bafa850e6c1eaf2c