Details:

Alternative Title:
Clin Infect Dis
Personal Author:
McMorrow, Meredith L. ; Tempia, Stefano ; Walaza, Sibongile ; Treurnicht, Florette K. ; Moyes, Jocelyn ; ... More +
McMorrow, Meredith L. ; Tempia, Stefano ; Walaza, Sibongile ; Treurnicht, Florette K. ; Moyes, Jocelyn ; Cohen, Adam L. ; Pretorius, Marthi ; Hellferscee, Orienka ; Wolter, Nicole ; von Gottberg, Anne ; Nguweneza, Arthemon ; McAnerney, Johanna M. ; Naby, Fathima ; Mekgoe, Omphile ; Venter, Marietjie ; Madhi, Shabir A. ; Cohen, Cheryl Less -
Description:
Background.

Data describing influenza– or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–associated hospitalized illness in children aged <5 years in Africa are limited.

Methods.

During 2011–2016, we conducted surveillance for severe respiratory illness (SRI) in children aged <5 years in 3 South African hospitals. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for influenza and RSV using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We estimated rates of influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalized SRI by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and compared children who tested positive for influenza vs RSV using multivariable penalized logistic regression.

Results.

Among 3650 hospitalized children, 203 (5.6%) tested positive for influenza viruses, 874 (23.9%) for RSV, and 19 (0.5%) for both. The median age of children hospitalized with influenza was 13.9 months vs 4.4 months for RSV (P < .01). Annual influenza-associated hospitalization rates per 100 000 were highest among infants aged 6–11 months (545; 95% confidence interval [CI], 409–703), while RSV-associated hospitalization rates were highest in infants aged 0–2 months (6593; 95% CI, 5947–7217). HIV exposure was associated with increased incidence of influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalization in infants aged 0–5 months, with relative risk (RR) 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4–3.4) and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.3–1.6), respectively. HIV infection was associated with increased incidence of influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalization in all age groups; RR 2.7 (95% CI, 2.0–3.5) and 3.8 (95% CI, 3.1–4.8), respectively.

Conclusions.

Influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalizations are common among South African infants. HIV infection and HIV exposure in infants increase risk of influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalization.


Subjects:
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Article Human Immunodeficiency Virus Incidence Influenza Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Source:
Clin Infect Dis. 68(5):773-780
Pubmed ID:
29961814
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC6432774
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States ; U01 IP001048/IP/NCIRD CDC HHS/United States ; U01IP001048/ACL/ACL HHS/United States
CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States ; U01 IP001048/IP/NCIRD CDC HHS/United States ; U01IP001048/ACL/ACL HHS/United States Less -
Place as Subject:
South Africa
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:49c2059dda966fef1d8caa7e5b2897779211ac3f3556b41e2df5c3da9ace6c90
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/76996/cdc_76996_DS1.pdf
File Type:

Supporting Files

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