Update on Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks — Democratic Republic of the Congo and Horn of Africa, 2017–2018

Details

• Journal Article:
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Personal Author:
  Mbaeyi, Chukwuma ; Alleman, Mary M. ; Ehrhardt, Derek ; Wiesen, Eric ; Burns, Cara C. ; Liu, Hongmei ; Ewetola, Raimi ; Seakamela, Lerato ; Mdodo, Rennatus ; Ndoutabe, Modjirom ; Wenye, Pierre Kandolo ; Riziki, Yogolelo ; Borus, Peter ; Kamugisha, Christopher ; Wassilak, Steven G. F.
• Description:
  Widespread use of live attenuated (Sabin) oral polioVirus vaccine (OPV) has resulted in marked progress toward global poliomyelitis eradication (1). However, in underimmunized populations, extensive person-to-person Transmission of Sabin polioVirus can result in genetic reversion to neurovirulence and paralytic vaccine-derived polioVirus (VDPV) disease (1). This report updates (as of February 26, 2019) previous reports on circulating VDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks during 2017-2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and in Somalia, which experienced a concurrent cVDPV type 3 (cVDPV3) outbreak* (2,3). In DRC, 42 cases have been reported in four cVDPV2 outbreaks; paralysis onset in the most recent case was October 7, 2018 (2). Challenges to interrupting Transmission have included delays in outbreak-response supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) and difficulty reaching children in all areas. In Somalia, cVDPV2 and cVDPV3 were detected in sewage before the detection of paralytic cases (3). Twelve type 2 and type 3 cVDPV cases have been confirmed; the most recent paralysis onset dates were September 2 (cVDPV2) and September 7, 2018 (cVDPV3). The primary challenge to interrupting Transmission is the residence of >300,000 children in areas that are inaccessible for vaccination activities. For both countries, longer periods of Surveillance are needed before interruption of cVDPV Transmission can be inferred.
• Subjects:
  Disease Outbreaks Full Report Humans Poliomyelitis PolioVirus Vaccine, Oral
• Source:
  MMWR Morbidity Mortal Weekly Rep. 68(9):225-230
• Series:
  Weekly Report: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• DOI:
  http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6809a2
• ISSN:
  0149-2195 (print) ; 1545-861X (digital)
• Pubmed ID:
  30845121
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC6421971
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Somalia
• Pages in Document:
  6 pdf pages
• Volume:
  68
• Issue:
  9
• Collection(s):
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:ce53145c4c3ed9e8ee9b2ef9dc8332d032edd4fef8901b0b1ce6f818c352e86e912c9979b2642b535310eddf7795d293604771270ba2d599747ab67339795a38
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/76752/cdc_76752_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.92 MB ]