Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): Recommendations and Reports, May 15, 1998 / Vol. 47 / No. RR-7

Chiarello, Linda A.; Cardo, Denise M.; Panlilio, Adelisa L.; Bell, David M.; Kaplan, Jonathan E.; Martin, Linda S.; Henderson, David K.; Mofenson, Lynne M.; Schnittman, Steven M.; Gitterman, Steven R.; Struble, Kimberly A.

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Superseded: This Document Has Been Replaced By: 2025 US Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Recommendations for Post-exposure Prophylaxis in Healthcare Settings | 2025 US Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Recommendations for Post-exposure Prophylaxis in Healthcare Settings

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): Recommendations and Reports, May 15, 1998 / Vol. 47 / No. RR-7

Superseded Public Domain

1998/05/15
By Chiarello, Linda A. ; Cardo, Denise M. ; Panlilio, Adelisa L. ; ...
Series: Recommendations and Reports: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

File Language:

English

Details

Alternative Title:

Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Health-Care Worker Exposures to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis
Journal Article:

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports
Personal Author:

Chiarello, Linda A. ; Cardo, Denise M. ; Panlilio, Adelisa L. ; Bell, David M. ; Kaplan, Jonathan E. ; Martin, Linda S. ; Henderson, David K. ; Mofenson, Lynne M. ; Schnittman, Steven M. ; Gitterman, Steven R. ; Struble, Kimberly A.
Description:

This report updates and consolidates all previous PHS recommendations for the management of health-care workers (HCWs) who have occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids that may contain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); it includes recommendations for HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and discusses the scientific rationale for PEP. The decision to recommend HIV postexposure prophylaxis must take into account the nature of the exposure (e.g., needle stick or potentially infectious fluid that comes in contact with a mucous membrane) and the amount of blood or body fluid involved in the exposure. Other considerations include pregnancy in the HCW and exposure to virus known or suspected to be resistant to antiretroviral drugs. Assessments of the risk for infection resulting form the exposure and the infectivity of the exposure source are key determinants of offering PEP. Systems should be in place for the timely evaluation and management of exposed HCWs and for consultation with experts in the treatment of HIV when using PEP. Recommendations for PEP have been modified to include a basic 4-week regimen of two drugs (zidovudine and lamivudine) for most HIV exposures and an expanded regimen that includes the addition of a protease inhibitor (indinavir or nelfinavir) for HIV exposures that pose an increased risk for transmission or where resistance to one or more of the antiretroviral agents recommended for PEP is known or suspected. An algorithm is provided to guide clinicians and exposed health-care workers in deciding when to consider PEP. Occupational exposures should be considered urgent medical concerns to ensure timely administration of PEP. Health-care organizations should have protocols that promote prompt reporting and facilitate access to postexposure care. Enrollment of HCWs in registries designed to assess side effects in HCWs who take PEP is encouraged. [Description provided by NIOSH]
Content Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-28).
Subjects:

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Anti-HIV Agents Blood Blood-Borne Pathogens Body Fluids Communicable Diseases Drug Therapy Emergency Responders Health Care Facilities Workforce And Services Health Personnel Hematologic Diseases HIV Infections Occupational Diseases Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Practice Guidelines Risk Assessment Safety Viral Diseases Viral Infections
Keywords:

Humans; Immune-system-disorders; Infection-control; Infectious-diseases; Occupational-exposure; Prophylaxis; Serological-techniques; Bloodborne-pathogens; Body-fluids; Health-care-personnel; Viral-infections; Drug-therapy; AIDS; AIDS-virus; Sexually-transmitted-diseases; Viral-diseases; Health-care; Health-care-facilities; Emergency-care; Paramedical-services; Disease-prevention; Aids-prevention; Occupational-exposure; Health-care-workers; Infection-prevention; Risk-analysis
Source:

MMWR Recomm Rep 1998 May; 47(RR-7):1-34
Series:

Recommendations and Reports: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
ISSN:

1057-5987
Pubmed ID:

9603630
Document Type:

Text
Genre:

Journal Article
Place as Subject:

District of Columbia ; OSHA Region 3
CIO:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Division:

OD - Office of the Director
Topic:

Workplace Safety & Health
Location:

North America
Pages in Document:

39 pdf pages
NIOSHTIC Number:

nn:20000641
NTIS Accession Number:

AD-A346-844-4
Federal Fiscal Year:

1998
Peer Reviewed:

False
Collection(s):

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines and Recommendations
Main Document Checksum:

urn:sha-512:c83e4024e3f88b7ba31196a734953943cdcef3126e32b16d5a3f695ef874a6cfef14e8591efe5225bc4d6844b2c791b47c507f1268be60532dd5445c88293d31
Download URL:

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/6645/cdc_6645_DS1.pdf
File Type:

[PDF - 374.82 KB ]

File Language:

English

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