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Race and ethnicity in public health surveillance: criteria for the scientific use of social categories.
  • Published Date:
    1994 Jan-Feb
  • Source:
    Public Health Rep. 109(1):7-15
  • Language:
    English
Filetype[PDF-1.87 MB]


Details:
  • Alternative Title:
    Public Health Rep
  • Personal Author:
  • Description:
    Public health surveillance is the cornerstone of public health practice. The uses of surveillance include the identification of patterns of health among population subgroups. The assessment of race and ethnicity in public health surveillance is fundamental to the reduction of preventable excesses in poor health among racial and ethnic populations. We review the use of race and ethnic variables in national public health surveillance systems in the United States. One barrier to the use of race and ethnicity in public health surveillance is the lack of scientific consensus on the nature of race and ethnicity and the measurement of these variables. Differences in terminology, data collection procedures, perceptions of group identity, and changing demographics of the U.S. population present particular challenges for surveillance. We propose criteria for any useful variables collected through surveillance. Application of these criteria to race and ethnicity suggests that race as assessed in surveillance is not primarily associated with biological characteristics, but it is more like ethnicity--a matter of self-perceived membership in population groups. Regular evaluation of surveillance systems will contribute to the usefulness of information on race and ethnicity in the improvement of the health of minority populations.

  • Subject:
  • Pubmed ID:
    8303018
  • Pubmed Central ID:
    PMCnull
  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Collection(s):
    Public Health Reports
  • Main Document Checksum:
  • Supporting Files:
    No Additional Files
    1. Increasing the pool of qualified minority medical school applicants: premedical training at historically black colleges and universities.
      Personal Author:
      Atkinson, D D; Spratley, E; Simpson, C E;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):77-85
      Description:
      Historically black colleges and universities have educated significant numbers of black students preparing for careers in medicine. These institutions have the potential to make even greater contributions to the pool of black medical school applicant...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.84 MB]
    2. Foster care of HIV-positive children in the United States.
      Personal Author:
      Cohen, F L; Nehring, W M;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):60-67
      Description:
      A national study regarding the foster care of children identified as human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV-positive) was conducted in 1991. A survey form was sent to the administrators of the State agency responsible for foster care in each Stat...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.49 MB]
    3. Public Health Reports ; v. 109, no. 1, January-February 1994 : cover
      Published Date:
      Jan-Feb 1994
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109 (1)
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 506.49 KB]
    4. A case study in the use of race and ethnicity in public health surveillance.
      Personal Author:
      Cooper, R S
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):46-52
      Description:
      Increased attention has been focused on the use of racial and ethnic categories in public health research and surveillance in recent years. This attention, however, has done more to increase the collective awareness of the difficulties inherent in th...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.44 MB]
    5. A private sector view of health, surveillance, and communities of color.
      Personal Author:
      Rabin, S A
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):42-45
      Description:
      The U.S. population is fast evolving into a patchwork of health behaviors, incomes, and ethnic backgrounds. Simple cultural labeling will not do. A growing number of Americans, now numbering about 10 million, cannot or will not describe their race in...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 723.48 KB]
    6. Epidemiology in public health in the era of health care reform.
      Personal Author:
      Lee, P R; Toomey, K E;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):1-3
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 622.89 KB]
    7. Survey of state health agencies' staff who practice the epidemiology of noninfectious diseases and conditions.
      Personal Author:
      Boss, L P; Foster, L R;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):112-117
      Description:
      The primary causes of mortality in the United States are noninfectious diseases and conditions. Epidemiologic and intervention activities related to most of these diseases and conditions have increased in most State health agencies over the past deca...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 962.81 KB]
    8. Prenatal care needs assessment comparing service use and outcomes in Fresno, CA.
      Personal Author:
      Korenbrot, C C; Simpson, L; Phibbs, C S;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):68-76
      Description:
      The authors performed a prenatal care needs assessment for Fresno County, CA, using data from a sample of 11,878 birth certificates for the county for 1989. Birth records, patterns of prenatal care utilization, and low birth weight outcomes in the co...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.72 MB]
    9. Public attitudes about cigarette smoking: results from the 1990 Smoking Activity Volunteer Executed Survey.
      Personal Author:
      Marcus, S E; Emont, S L; Corcoran, R D; Giovino, G A; Pierce, J P; Waller, M N; Davis, R M;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):125-134
      Description:
      The 1990 Smoking Activity Volunteer Executed Survey collected information on a wide range of policy-relevant issues concerning public attitudes about cigarette smoking. These issues include cigarette taxes, advertising restrictions, minors' access to...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.37 MB]
    10. No Title
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.25 MB]
    11. A nurse-delivered intervention to reduce barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening in Chicago inner city clinics.
      Personal Author:
      Ansell, D; Lacey, L; Whitman, S; Chen, E; Phillips, C;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):104-111
      Description:
      An 18-month intervention was implemented to increase breast and cervical cancer screening among poor African-American women in Chicago. Breast and cervical cancer screening programs were set up in two public clinics, one community-based and the other...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.48 MB]
    12. Public Health Rep ; v. 109, no. 1 : Masthead
      Published Date:
      Jan-Feb 1994
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1)
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 745.93 KB]
    13. The EPIGRAM computer program for analyzing mortality and population data sets.
      Personal Author:
      Goldman, D A
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):118-124
      Description:
      EPIGRAM is a computer program designed to improve access to State-level underlying cause mortality data. The program produces results for population, deaths, death rate, age-adjusted death rate, years of potential life lost (YPLL), YPLL rate, and con...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.13 MB]
    14. A community view of smoking cessation counseling in the practices of physicians and dentists.
      Personal Author:
      Brink, S G; Gottlieb, N H; McLeroy, K R; Wisotzky, M; Burdine, J N;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):135-142
      Description:
      The practice norms of community physicians and dentists in the Lehigh Valley of Pennsylvania for counseling about smoking cessation were surveyed. In addition, 1,373 residents in the valley were interviewed by telephone about the smoking counseling b...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.58 MB]
    15. NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS DATA LINE
      Published Date:
      Jan 1994
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):143-144
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 399.89 KB]
    16. Materials and strategies that work in low literacy health communication.
      Personal Author:
      Plimpton, S; Root, J;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):86-92
      Description:
      In a Maine Area Health Education Center program some solutions were developed to the well-documented problem of health information material that cannot be read or comprehended by low literacy adults. Professionals in health education and adult educat...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.34 MB]
    17. The use of race and ethnicity in public health surveillance.
      Personal Author:
      Warren, R C; Hahn, R A; Bristow, L; Yu, E S;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):4-6
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 461.18 KB]
    18. Mammography and Pap smear screening of Yaqui Indian women.
      Personal Author:
      Gordon, P R; Campos-Outcalt, D; Steele, L; Gonzales, C;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):99-103
      Description:
      The Pascua-Yaqui Tribe of Arizona receives its health care services at a local neighborhood health center in Tucson and a satellite clinic located on the reservation. Using a computerized data base from the health center, the authors determined the u...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1020.32 KB]
    19. Issues regarding data on race and ethnicity: the Census Bureau experience.
      Personal Author:
      McKenney, N R; Bennett, C E;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):16-25
      Description:
      In this paper, the authors describe some of the complexities of collecting and presenting data on race and ethnicity based on the experiences of the Bureau of the Census. Different methods of data collection, different content and format of questions...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 1.87 MB]
    20. The concept of race and health status in America.
      Personal Author:
      Williams, D R; Lavizzo-Mourey, R; Warren, R C;
      Published Date:
      1994 Jan-Feb
      Source:
      Public Health Rep. 109(1):26-41
      Description:
      Race is an unscientific, societally constructed taxonomy that is based on an ideology that views some human population groups as inherently superior to others on the basis of external physical characteristics or geographic origin. The concept of race...
      File Type:
      Filetype[PDF - 3.27 MB]
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