Smoking-related data collected during 1976-87 by anonymous cross-sectional surveys of nonphysician employees of a large medical care organization were used to assess how a work site smoking ban affected employees' smoking behavior and attitudes. The smoking ban was implemented at 11 work sites at various times during 1985-86. All work sites had three or more pre-ban surveys and one or two post-ban surveys. The majority of employees reported support for the smoking ban. The ban's effects were assessed by comparing observed post-ban rates with expected rates projected from secular trends in the pre-ban data by the use of logistic regression models that included age, sex, education, and job class as covariates. The work site smoking ban had a substantial effect on the presence of smoke in the work environment, but no short-term effect on smoking prevalence or attempts to quit. The apparent effect of the ban on quantity of cigarettes smoked was assessed by a pre-ban and post-ban analysis of the 1986-87 survey data. A nonequivalent post-ban and post-ban comparison was used to estimate the secular trend. A significant reduction of 1.4 cigarettes per day (P = 0.022) was found in smokers' rate during working hours.
Goodman, Richard A.; Bauman, Cindy F.; Gregg, Michael B.; Videtto, Janis F.; Stroup, Donna F.; Chalmers, Nancy P.;
Published Date:
1990 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(6):604-610
Description:
The epidemiologic field investigation is an important tool used by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to provide assistance to State, local, and international public health agencies. The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) of the CDC is an ongoing...
In 1989 Maryland became the first State to enact legislation, separate from existing laboratory law, authorizing a comprehensive, self-supporting program to regulate cholesterol screening conducted outside of laboratories and physicians' offices. Thi...
Thacker, Stephen B.; Goodman, Ricard A.; Dicker, Richard C.;
Published Date:
1990 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(6):599-604
Description:
The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) was created at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1951 as a combined training and service program in the practice of applied epidemiology. Since 1951, more than 1,700 professional have served in this 2-ye...
Linnan, L A; Gans, K M; Hixson, M L; Mendes, E; Longpre, H; Carleton, R A;
Published Date:
1990 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(6):589-598
Description:
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health launched the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in 1985. With the goal of reducing the prevalence of elevated blood cholesterol in the United States, the NC...
The use of condoms has been advocated as an important method of reducing the risk of AIDS for such people as gay men, prostitutes, IV drug users, adolescents, hemophiliacs, and others who may become infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV...
Adams, M M; Scherr, P A; Branch, L G; Hebert, L E; Cook, N R; Lane, A M; Brock, D B; Evans, D A; Taylor, J O;
Published Date:
1990 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(6):617-622
Description:
In 1982-83, 4,485 persons ages 65 or older were identified by a household census in East Boston, MA: 3,812 (85 percent) of them responded to a health and social status questionnaire. Data on age, sex, and living arrangements for the 4,485 eligible pe...
A key element in the study of trauma problems is the design and development of adequate and affordable surveillance systems. One proposed method is the use of data available from hospital discharge abstract data base systems. However, surveillance sy...
Because blood specimens from newborns reflect the antibody status of the mother, seroprevalence rates among childbearing women are obtainable from analysis of the specimens. A blinded survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody seroprevalen...
Alexander, P G; Johnson, R; Williams, W W; Hadler, S C; White, J W; Coleman, P J;
Published Date:
1990 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(6):610-616
Description:
A random sample of 232 U.S. hospitals was surveyed. Of those hospitals, 75 percent had hepatitis B vaccination programs. The presence of a program was associated with hospital size (60 percent of those with 100 beds, 75 percent with 100-499 beds, 90 ...
Information collected with the 1989 National Health Interview Survey of AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes from a nationally representative sample of 40,609 adults was examined to determine how knowledge about AIDS varied within demographic subgroups of th...
Sable, M R; Stockbauer, J W; Schramm, W F; Land, G H;
Published Date:
1990 Nov-Dec
Source:
Public Health Rep. 105(6):549-555
Description:
Inadequate prenatal care has previously been identified as a significant risk factor for women who have low birth weight infants and infants who die during the neonatal period. Postpartum interviews with 1,484 primarily low-income women were conducte...
There is growing concern that the indigent health care burden in the southwestern United States may be caused partly by Mexican residents who cross the border to use U.S. health services. This article describes the first attempt to measure the extent...
A bilingual, multidisciplinary team of health professionals collaborated with a migrant health center in North Carolina to develop a model program to deliver primary health care services to migrant farmworker women and children. The program included ...
Abortion rates rose following the expanded legalization of abortion by the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade. As a result, the impact of the restriction on Federal funding of abortions under the Hyde Amendment in 1977 was not clear. However, abor...
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Published Date:
2002
Series:
DHHS publication ; no. (NIOSH) 2002-148
Description:
"Cigarette smoking is the single greatest preventable cause of lung disease in the U.S. adult population. Tobacco smoking has numerous, well-documented, adverse health effects, both alone and in combination with hazardous workplace exposures. People ...
United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General.. Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.). Office on Smoking and Health. Centers for Disease Control (U.S.).
Published Date:
1989
Series:
DHHS publication ; no. (CDC) 89-8411
Description:
Exactly 25 years ago, on January 11, 1964, Luther L. Terry, M.D., Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service, released the report of the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health. That landmark document, now referred to as the...