Details:

Alternative Title:
Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care
Publisher's site:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2016.08.004
Personal Author:
Whitehead, Todd P. ; Metayer, Catherine ; Wiemels, Joseph L. ; Singer, Amanda W. ; Miller, Mark D.
Whitehead, Todd P. ; Metayer, Catherine ; Wiemels, Joseph L. ; Singer, Amanda W. ; Miller, Mark D. Less -
Description:
Leukemia is the most common pediatric cancer, affecting 3800 children per year in the United States. Its annual incidence has increased over the last decades, especially among Latinos. Although most children diagnosed with leukemia are now cured, many suffer long-term complications, and primary prevention efforts are urgently needed. The early onset of leukemia-usually before 5 years of age-and the presence at birth of "pre-leukemic" genetic signatures indicate that pre- and postnatal events are critical to the development of the disease. In contrast to most pediatric cancers, there is a growing body of literature-in the United States and internationally-that has implicated several environmental, infectious, and dietary risk factors in the etiology of childhood leukemia, mainly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common subtype. For example, exposures to pesticides, tobacco smoke, solvents, and traffic emissions have consistently demonstrated positive associations with the risk of developing childhood leukemia. In contrast, intake of vitamins and folate supplementation during the preconception period or pregnancy, breastfeeding, and exposure to routine childhood infections have been shown to reduce the risk of childhood leukemia. Some children may be especially vulnerable to these risk factors, as demonstrated by a disproportionate burden of childhood leukemia in the Latino population of California. The evidence supporting the associations between childhood leukemia and its risk factors-including pooled analyses from around the world and systematic reviews-is strong; however, the dissemination of this knowledge to clinicians has been limited. To protect children's health, it is prudent to initiate programs designed to alter exposure to well-established leukemia risk factors rather than to suspend judgment until no uncertainty remains. Primary prevention programs for childhood leukemia would also result in the significant co-benefits of reductions in other adverse health outcomes that are common in children, such as detriments to neurocognitive development.
Subject:
[+]
Article
Child
Diet
Environmental Exposure
Environmental Pollutants
Humans
Leukemia
Mutation
Occupational Exposure
Pesticides
Primary Prevention
Risk Factors
Tobacco Smoke Pollution

Source:
Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 46(10):317-352
Pubmed ID:
27968954
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC5161115
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
P01 ES018172/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; P50 ES018172/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 ES009137/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; U61 TS000237/TS/ATSDR CDC HHS/United States
P01 ES018172/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; P50 ES018172/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 ES009137/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; U61 TS000237/TS/ATSDR CDC HHS/United States Less -
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:c2eb80466b0154d65f9cd9b0b4d401d8b51d626d4a133cc9a6d40c6dfc212902
File Type:

Supporting Files

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