Details:

Alternative Title:
Prehosp Emerg Care
Personal Author:
Faul, Mark ; Lurie, Peter ; Kinsman, Jeremiah M. ; Dailey, Michael W. ; Crabaugh, Charmaine ; ... More +
Faul, Mark ; Lurie, Peter ; Kinsman, Jeremiah M. ; Dailey, Michael W. ; Crabaugh, Charmaine ; Sasser, Scott M. Less -
Description:
Background

Opioid overdoses are at epidemic levels in the United States. Emergency Medical Service (EMS) providers may administer naloxone to restore patient breathing and prevent respiratory arrest. There was a need for contemporary data to examine the number of naloxone administrations in an EMS encounter.

Methods

Using data from the National Emergency Medical Services Information System, we examined data from 2012–5 to determine trends in patients receiving multiple naloxone administrations (MNAs). Logis tic regression including demographic, clinical, and operational information was used to examine factors associated with MNA.

Results

Among all events where naloxone was administered only 16.7% of the 911 calls specifically identified the medical emergency as a drug ingestion or poisoning event. The percentage of patients receiving MNA increased from 14.5% in 2012 to 18.2% in 2015, which represents a 26% increase in MNA in 4 years. Patients aged 20–29 had the highest percentage of MNA (21.1%). Patients in the Northeast and the Midwest had the highest relative MNA (Chi Squared = 539.5, p < 0.01 and Chi Squared = 351.2, p < 0.01, respectively). The logistic regression model showed that the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for MNA were greatest among people who live in the Northeast (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.13–1.22) and for men (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.10–1.16), but lower for suburban and rural areas (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.72–0.80 and aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.80–0.89) and lowest for wilderness areas (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.68–0.84). Higher adjusted odds of MNA occurred when an advanced life support (ALS 2) level of service was provided compared to basic life support (BLS) ambulances (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.45–3.16) and when the dispatch complaint indicated there was a drug poisoning event (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.09–1.16). Reported layperson naloxone administration prior to EMS arrival was rare (1%).

Conclusion

This study shows that frequency of MNA is growing over time and is regionally dependent. MNA may be a barometer of the potency of the opioid involved in the overdose. The increase in MNAprovides support for a dosage review. Better identification of opioid related events in the dispatch system could lead to a better match of services with patient needs.


Keywords:
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Adolescent Adult Aged Analgesics, Opioid Child Child, Preschool Databases, Factual Emergency Medical Services EMS Female Heroin Humans Infant Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Naloxone Opioid Opioid-Related Disorders Overdose Practice Patterns, Physicians' Respiratory Insufficiency United States Young Adult
Source:
Prehosp Emerg Care. 21(4):411-419
Pubmed ID:
28481656
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC6026856
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:39fd35aacdb156fa02442bddb5e5e007b245f154ae7d592bdd671893c21b1981
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/56643/cdc_56643_DS1.pdf
File Type:

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