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Factors associated with concurrent heroin use among patients on methadone maintenance treatment in Vietnam: A 24-month retrospective analysis of a nationally representative sample
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5 2018
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Source: Int J Drug Policy. 55:113-120
[PDF-128.67 KB]
Details:
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Alternative Title:Int J Drug Policy
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Personal Author:
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Description:Background
Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is highly effective for reducing heroin use and HIV transmission among people who inject opioids. We sought to measure and understand factors associated with continued heroin use, a critical outcome among MMT patients in Vietnam.
Method
We abstracted data from medical charts of nationally representative sample of patients who were on MMT during May 2008–December 2013, selecting 10 MMT clinics using probability proportional to size and 50 patients/clinic by systematic random sampling. Concurrent heroin use was defined by self-report/positive urine test recorded in patient charts during month 3, 6, 12, and 24 after MMT initiation. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with concurrent heroin use over the first 24 months in treatment.
Results
All clients used heroin at baseline; concurrent heroin use was 55% at month 3; 19%, 14.6% and 15.2% at month 6, 12, and 24, respectively. Having no baseline family emotional/financial support versus having (AOR=2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.17–3.53); using heroin for <15 years versus ≥15 years at baseline (AOR=1.55; 95%CI=1.01–2.38); being HIV-infected/not on antiretroviral treatment (ART; AOR=1.79; 95% CI=1.07–2.98) or being HIV infected/on ART (AOR=2.39; 95% CI=1.61–3.55), versus not being HIV infected; baseline methamphetamine using versus non-using (AOR=2.68; 95%CI=1.08–6.65), were associated with increased odds of concurrent heroin use among patients.
Conclusion
The association between concurrent heroin use among MMT patients with the lack of family emotional/financial support recommends garnering family support is critical. Association with shorter heroin use history suggests motivational enhancement may reduce concurrent heroin use. Living with HIV, whether or not on ART, associated with increased concurrent heroin use suggests safe injection commodities and education, and drug-drug interaction management, are needed for this subgroup. Though few MMT clients reported baseline methamphetamine use, its association with later heroin use suggests the need for effective methamphetamine use interventions.
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Pubmed ID:29550740
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Pubmed Central ID:PMC5981011
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Volume:55
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