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A Momentary Exposures Analysis of Proximity to Alcohol Outlets and Risk for Assault
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Dec 02 2016
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Source: Addiction. 112(2):269-278.
Details:
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Alternative Title:Addiction
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Personal Author:
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Description:Aims
This study estimated, with high spatial and temporal specificity, individuals' risk of being assaulted relative to their momentary proximity to alcohol outlets during daily activities.
Design
Case-control study.
Setting
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Participants
Cases were 194 non-gun assault victims and 135 gun assault victims aged between 10 and 24 years. Age-matched controls (n = 274) were selected using random-digit dialing.
Measurements
Participants described minute-by-minute movements (i.e. activity paths) over the course of the day of the assault (cases) or a recent randomly selected day within three days of interview (controls). The dependent measure was being an assault case compared with a non-assault control. The main independent measures were participants' momentary proximity to alcohol outlets. The units of analysis were 10-minute segments beginning at 4 a.m.
Findings
Proximity to bars and restaurants was associated with decreased odds of non-gun assault before 1pm (e.g. 7am to 9:59 a.m.: OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.94; p = 0.008), and increased odds after 7pm (e.g. 1am to 3:59am: OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.24, 3.09; p = 0.004). Proximity to beer stores was associated with increased odds before 1pm (e.g. 7am to 9:59am: OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.58, 3.46; p = < 0.001) and from 4pm to 6:59pm (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.96; p = 0.004), but decreased odds after 7pm (e.g. 1am to 3:59am: OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.63; p = 0.002). Proximity to alcohol outlets was mostly unrelated to risks for gun assault.
Conclusions
Individuals in areas with greater densities of bars and restaurants and beer stores appear to be increased risk for non-gun assault at times when these outlets are likely to be most heavily patronized.
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Source:
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Pubmed ID:27741373
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Pubmed Central ID:PMC5233564
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