Timing of Introduction of Complementary Foods to US Infants, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Acad Nutr Diet
• Personal Author:
  Barrera, Chloe M. ; Hamner, Heather C. ; Perrine, Cria G. ; Scanlon, Kelley S.
• Description:
  Background
  
  Although there has been inconsistency in recommendations regarding the optimal time for introducing complementary foods, most experts agree that introduction should not occur before 4 months. Despite recommendations, studies suggest that 20% to 40% of US infants are introduced to foods at younger than 4 months. Previous studies focused on the introduction of solid foods and are not nationally representative.
  
  Objective
  
  Our aims were to provide a nationally representative estimate of the timing of introduction of complementary foods and to describe predictors of early (<4 months) introduction.
  
  Design
  
  We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.
  
  Participants
  
  The study included 1,482 children aged 6 to 36 months.
  
  Main outcome measures
  
  Timing of first introduction to complementary foods (anything other than breast milk or formula) was analyzed.
  
  Statistical analyses performed
  
  Prevalence estimates of first introduction to complementary foods are presented by month. Logistic regression was used to assess characteristics associated with early (<4 months) introduction.
  
  Results
  
  In this sample, 16.3% of US infants were introduced to complementary foods at <4 months, 38.3% between 4 and <6 months, 32.5% between 6 and <7 months, and 12.9% at ≥7 months of age. In unadjusted analyses, early introduction varied by breastfeeding status; race/Hispanic origin; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children participation; and maternal age. In adjusted analyses, only breastfeeding status remained significant; infants who never breastfed or stopped at <4 months were more likely (odds ratio 2.27; 95% CI 1.62 to 3.18) to be introduced to complementary foods early than infants who breastfed ≥4 months.
  
  Conclusions
  
  Despite using a broader definition of complementary foods, this analysis found a lower prevalence of early introduction in this nationally representative sample than previous studies that included only solids. However, many young children were still introduced to complementary foods earlier than recommended. Strategies to support caregivers to adhere to infant feeding guidelines may be needed.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Breast Feeding Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Female Food Assistance Humans Infant Infant Food Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Male Mothers Nutrition Surveys Time Factors United States

  More +
• Keywords:
  Complementary Feeding Infant Feeding Infant Feeding Decisions National Health And Nutrition Examination Surveys Solid Food Introduction
• Source:
  J Acad Nutr Diet. 118(3):464-470
• Pubmed ID:
  29307590
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5828913
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  118
• Issue:
  3
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:763f698864f57e09851aa8a1b45d673990cd59c39b2387213f966baa028d2607
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/52142/cdc_52142_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 382.97 KB ]