Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): CDC Surveillance Summaries, December 1998 / Vol. 47 / No. SS-5

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Surveillance for Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks — United States, 1995–1996 ; Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Preventive Practices Among Adults — United States, 1994: A Behavioral Risk Factor Atlas
• Journal Article:
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): Surveillance Summaries
• Personal Author:
  Bens, Michelle S. ; Chang, Man-Huei ; Hahn, Robert A., 1945- ; Heath, Gregory ; Herwaldt, Barbara L. ; Levy, Deborah A.
• Corporate Authors:
  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Epidemiology Program Office ; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.). Division of Adult and Community Health ; National Center for Infectious Diseases (U.S.). Division of Parasitic Diseases
• Description:
  Since 1920, national statistics on outbreaks associated with drinking water have been available (1 ). Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have maintained a collaborative surveillance system consisting of the collection and periodic reporting of data on the occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs) (2–4 ). The surveillance system includes data about outbreaks associated with drinking and recreational water. This summary includes data for 1995 and 1996 and for previously unreported outbreaks in 1994.
  
  CDC’s and EPA’s efforts related to waterborne-disease surveillance have the following goals: a) to characterize the epidemiology of WBDOs; b) to identify the etiologic agents that caused WBDOs and to determine why the outbreaks occurred; c) to train public health personnel in how to detect and investigate WBDOs; and d) to collaborate with local, state, federal, and international agencies on initiatives to prevent water-borne diseases. The data gathered through this surveillance system are useful for evaluating the adequacy of current technologies for providing safe drinking and recreational water. Surveillance information also influences research priorities and can lead to improved water-quality regulations.
  
  Although age-adjusted cardiovascular mortality declined by 58% from 1950 through 1995, cardiovascular disease (CVD), including stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD), remains a major public health problem in the United States. In 1995, CVD was the principal diagnosis in 5 million (16.2%) hospital patient discharge records in the United States and was the leading cause of death, accounting for 38.7% of all deaths in the United States.
  
  The prevalence, mortality, and health-care use associated with CVD in the United States vary substantially by geographic region and state. In 1994, stroke was 51% more prevalent in the South than in the Northeast, and CHD was 29% more prevalent in the South than in the West. In 1994, the ratios of the highest to the lowest age-adjusted state mortality rates for CHD and stroke in the United States were 4.1 and 4.4, respectively. Health-care use also varies substantially by region. In 1995, rates of hospital discharge for CVD were between 40% and 69% times greater in the Northeast, South, and Midwest than in the West. Geographic variations in CVD prevalence, mortality, and health-care use might correspond to differences in a) demographic or risk behavior profiles (e.g., smoking, physical inactivity, or risk factor combinations among state residents); b) physical environment (e.g., excessive heat and air pollution); and c) social environment (e.g., laws taxingcigarettes or restricting cigarette use).
  
  
• Subjects:
  Cardiovascular Diseases / Epidemiology Cardiovascular Diseases / Prevention & Control Communicable Diseases / Etiology Diabetes Mellitus Disease Outbreaks Disease Transmission, Infectious Drinking Water Environmental Health / Standards Health Behavior Hypertension Obesity Prevalence Risk Factors Smoking Swimming Pools Water / Parasitology Water Microbiology Water Pollution Water Supply

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• Source:
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): Surveillance Summaries, 1998; v. 47, no. 5
• Series:
  Surveillance Summaries: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• ISSN:
  1546-0738 (print) ; 1545-8636 (digital)
• Document Type:
  Journal Issue
• Genre:
  Statistics ; Map
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Pages in Document:
  80 pdf pages
• Volume:
  47
• Issue:
  5
• Collection(s):
  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:d0efafa8f599b1d04b6c593533db5f46ec571b50377bd030d257733710cc704d647091cbfe54476ee97a551730cf13804b9d61f0811f816d0132853e0570c910
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/5143/cdc_5143_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.24 MB ]