Details:

Alternative Title:
J Infect Dis
Publisher's site:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix164
Personal Author:
Wallace, Aaron S. ; Bohara, Rajendra ; Stewart, Steven ; Subedi, Giri ; Anand, Abhijeet ; ... More +
Wallace, Aaron S. ; Bohara, Rajendra ; Stewart, Steven ; Subedi, Giri ; Anand, Abhijeet ; Burnett, Eleanor ; Giri, Jagat ; Shrestha, Jagat ; Gurau, Suraj ; Dixit, Sameer ; Rajbhandari, Rajesh ; Schluter, W. William ; Less -
Description:
Background The potential to strengthen routine immunization (RI) services through supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) is an important benefit of global measles and rubella elimination and polio eradication strategies. However, little evidence exists on how best to use SIAs to strengthen RI. As part the 2012 Nepal measles-rubella and polio SIA, we developed an intervention package designed to improve RI processes and evaluated its effect on specific RI process measures. Methods The intervention package was incorporated into existing SIA activities and materials to improve healthcare providers’ RI knowledge and practices throughout Nepal. In 1 region (Central Region) we surveyed the same 100 randomly selected health facilities before and after the SIA and evaluated the following RI process measures: vaccine safety, RI planning, RI service delivery, vaccine supply chain, and RI data recording practices. Data collection included observations of vaccination sessions, interviews with the primary healthcare provider who administered vaccines at each facility, and administrative record reviews. Pair-matched analytical methods were used to determine whether statistically significant changes in the selected RI process measures occurred over time. Results After the SIA, significant positive changes were measured in healthcare provider knowledge of adverse events following immunization (11% increase), availability of RI microplans (+17%) and maps (+12%), and awareness of how long a reconstituted measles vial can be used before it must be discarded (+14%). For the SIA, 42% of providers created an SIA high-risk villages list, and >50% incorporated this information into RI outreach session site planning. Significant negative changes occurred in correct knowledge of measles vaccination contraindications (−11%), correct definition for a measles outbreak (−21%), and how to treat a child with a severe adverse event following immunization (−10%). Twenty percent of providers reported cancelling ≥1 RI sessions during the SIA. Many RI process measures were at high proportions (>90%) before the SIA and remained high afterward, including proper vaccine administration techniques, proper vaccine waste management, and availability of vaccine carriers and vaccine registers. Conclusions Focusing on activities that are easily linked between SIAs and RI services, such as using SIA high-risk village list to strengthen RI microplanning and examining ways to minimize the impact of an SIA on RI session scheduling, should be prioritized when implementing SIAs.
Subject:
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Article
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Health Personnel
Humans
Immunization Programs
Immunization Systems
Mass Vaccination
Measles
Polio
Poliomyelitis
Rubella
Supplementary Immunization Activities
Vaccines
Measles

Source:
J Infect Dis. 216(Suppl 1):S280-S286. ;
Pubmed ID:
28838201
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC5771484
Document Type:
Journal Article ;
Funding:
001/World Health Organization/International ; CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States ;
001/World Health Organization/International ; CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States ; Less -
Place as Subject:
Nepal ;
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:04d89874f8f4925c1869b8edc99cf2fd3e5c9d46245f5f8e515c2bc61845e7a3
File Type:

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