Neighbourhood economic deprivation explains racial/ethnic disparities in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in the USA

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Epidemiol Community Health
• Personal Author:
  Rossen, Lauren M.
• Description:
  Background
  
  Low-income and some racial and ethnic subpopulations are more likely to suffer from obesity. Inequities in the physical and social environment may contribute to disparities in paediatric obesity, but there is little empirical evidence to date. This study explored whether neighbourhood-level socioeconomic factors attenuate racial and ethnic disparities in obesity among youth in the USA and whether individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) interacts with neighbourhood deprivation.
  
  Methods
  
  This analysis used data from 17 100 youth ages 2–18 years participating in the 2001–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey linked to census tract-level socioeconomic characteristics. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine neighbourhood deprivation in association with odds of obesity (age-specific and sex-specific body mass index percentile ≥95).
  
  Results
  
  The unadjusted prevalence of obesity was 15% among non-Hispanic white children and 21% among non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American children. Adjustment for individual-level SES neighbourhood deprivation and the interaction between these two factors resulted in a 74% attenuation of the disparity in obesity between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white children and a 49% attenuation of the disparity between Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white children. There was a significant interaction between individual-level SES and neighbourhood deprivation where higher individual-level income was protective for children living in low-deprivation neighbourhoods, but not for children who lived in high-deprivation areas. Conversely, area deprivation was associated with higher odds of obesity, but only among children who were above the poverty threshold.
  
  Conclusions
  
  Future research on disparities in obesity and other health outcomes should examine broader contextual factors and social determinants of inequities.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Body Mass Index Child Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Ethnic Groups Family Characteristics Female Health Status Disparities Humans Male Mexican Americans Nutrition Surveys Overweight Pediatric Obesity Poverty Psychosocial Deprivation Residence Characteristics Social Class White People

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• Source:
  J Epidemiol Community Health. 68(2):123-129.
• Pubmed ID:
  24072744
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5705001
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  68
• Issue:
  2
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:dcd2dd1673f12921019f0917c7def5feb79ce82df8e3ccdd77e730ef1bfd8358
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/50408/cdc_50408_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 375.82 KB ]