Blood cadmium by race/hispanic origin: The role of smoking

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Environ Res
• Personal Author:
  Aoki, Yutaka ; Yee, Jennifer ; Mortensen, Mary E.
• Description:
  Background
  
  There have been increasing concerns over health effects of low level exposure to cadmium, especially those on bones and kidneys.
  
  Objective
  
  To explore how age-adjusted geometric means of blood cadmium in adults varied by race/Hispanic origin, sex, and smoking status among U.S. adults and the extent to which the difference in blood cadmium by race/Hispanic origin and sex may be explained by intensity of smoking, a known major source of cadmium exposure.
  
  Methods
  
  Our sample included 7,368 adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. With direct age adjustment, geometric means of blood cadmium and number of cigarettes smoked per day were estimated for subgroups defined by race/Hispanic origin, smoking status, and sex using interval regression, which allows mean estimation in the presence of left- and right-censoring.
  
  Results
  
  Among never and former smoking men and women, blood cadmium tended to be higher for non-Hispanic Asian adults than adults of other race/Hispanic origin. Among current smokers, who generally had higher blood cadmium than never and former smokers, non-Hispanic white, black, and Asian adults had similarly elevated blood cadmium compared to Hispanic adults. A separate analysis revealed that non-Hispanic white adults tended to have the highest smoking intensity regardless of sex, than adults of the other race/Hispanic origin groups.
  
  Conclusions
  
  The observed pattern provided evidence for smoking as a major source of cadmium exposure, yet factors other than smoking also appeared to contribute to higher blood cadmium of non-Hispanic Asian adults.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Asian People Black Or African American Cadmium Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants Female Hispanic Or Latino Humans Male Middle Aged Nutrition Surveys Smoking White People Young Adult

  More +
• Source:
  Environ Res. 155:193-198.
• Pubmed ID:
  28231546
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5615218
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  155
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:ff689733604589d194ec99c2e753bc9487d0f2571736505e3b4529c89f7d1335
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/48434/cdc_48434_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 605.88 KB ]