Tick-Borne Zoonoses in the United States: Persistent and Emerging Threats to Human Health

Details

• Alternative Title:
  ILAR J
• Personal Author:
  Eisen, Rebecca J. ; Kugeler, Kiersten J. ; Eisen, Lars ; Beard, Charles B. ; Paddock, Christopher D.
• Description:
  In the United States, ticks transmit the greatest diversity of arthropod-borne pathogens and are responsible for the most cases of all vector-borne diseases. In recent decades, the number of reported cases of notifiable tick-borne diseases has steadily increased, geographic distributions of many ticks and tick-borne diseases have expanded, and new tick-borne disease agents have been recognized. In this review, we (1) describe the known disease agents associated with the most commonly human-biting ixodid ticks, (2) review the natural histories of these ticks and their associated pathogens, (3) highlight spatial and temporal changes in vector tick distributions and tick-borne disease occurrence in recent decades, and (4) identify knowledge gaps and barriers to more effective prevention of tick-borne diseases. We describe 12 major tick-borne diseases caused by 15 distinct disease agents that are transmitted by the 8 most commonly human-biting ixodid ticks in the United States. Notably, 40% of these pathogens were described within the last two decades. Our assessment highlights the importance of animal studies to elucidate how tick-borne pathogens are maintained in nature, as well as advances in molecular detection of pathogens which has led to the discovery of several new tick-borne disease agents.
• Subjects:
  Animals Humans Tick-Borne Diseases Ticks United States Zoonoses
• Keywords:
  Amblyomma Anaplasma Borrelia Dermacentor Ehrlichia Francisella Ixodes Rhipicephalus Rickettsia Tick-borne Virus
• Source:
  ILAR J. 58(3):319-335
• Pubmed ID:
  28369515
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5610605
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  58
• Issue:
  3
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:7826cab3623bd4876d93a04310832d1ea128360ee7eae06f9e745e5b8786340b
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/48252/cdc_48252_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1012.89 KB ]