Early Pregnancy Agricultural Pesticide Exposures and Risk of Gastroschisis among Offspring in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol
• Personal Author:
  Shaw, Gary M. ; Yang, Wei ; Roberts, Eric ; Kegley, Susan E. ; Padula, Amy ; English, Paul B. ; Carmichael, Suzan L.
• Description:
  Background
  
  Prevalence of gastroschisis has inexplicably been increasing over the past few decades. Our intent was to explore whether early gestational exposures to pesticides were associated with risk of gastroschisis.
  
  Methods
  
  We used population-based data, accompanied by detailed information from maternal interviews as well as information on residential proximity to a large number of commercial pesticide applications during early pregnancy. The study population derived from the San Joaquin Valley of California (1997–2006). Cases were 156 infants/fetuses with gastroschisis and controls were 785 infants without birth defects.
  
  Results
  
  Among 22 chemical pesticide groups analyzed, none had an elevated odds ratio with an associated confidence interval that excluded 1.0, although exposure to the triazine group showed borderline significance. Among 36 specific pesticide chemicals analyzed, only exposure to petroleum distillates was associated with an elevated risk, odds ratio = 2.5 (1.1–5.6). In general, a substantially different inference was not derived when analyses were stratified by maternal age or when risk estimation included adjustment for race/ethnicity, body mass index, folic acid supplement use, and smoking.
  
  Conclusion
  
  Our study rigorously adds to the scant literature on this topic. Our a priori expectation was that we would observe certain pesticide compounds to be particularly associated with young age owing to the disproportionate risk observed for young women to have offspring with gastroschisis. We did not observe an exposure profile unique to young women.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adult Age Factors Body Mass Index California Case-Control Studies Female Fetus Folic Acid Gastroschisis Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Maternal Age Maternal Exposure Mexican Americans Odds Ratio Pesticides Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Risk Smoking Time Factors Triazines White People

  More +
• Source:
  Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 100(9):686-694.
• Pubmed ID:
  24910073
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5584597
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  K99 ES021470/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; L40 ES023163/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DD000489/DD/NCBDD CDC HHS/United States
• Volume:
  100
• Issue:
  9
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:acd2dd792fe7b891c0d0d0653a42d79461a46bd0fa4d43a7b70410293bcd4716
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/48016/cdc_48016_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 112.99 KB ]