Details:

Alternative Title:
BMC Infect Dis
Publisher's site:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2674-4
Personal Author:
Domercant, Jean Wysler ; Jean Louis, Frantz ; Hulland, Erin ; Griswold, Mark ; Andre-Alboth, Jocelyne ; ... More +
Domercant, Jean Wysler ; Jean Louis, Frantz ; Hulland, Erin ; Griswold, Mark ; Andre-Alboth, Jocelyne ; Ye, Tun ; Marston, Barbara J. Less -
Description:
Background

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), one the most common causes of genital ulcers, appears to increase both the risk of HIV acquisition and HIV transmission. HSV-2/HIV co-infection among pregnant women may increase the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. This study describes rates of HSV-2 among pregnant women in Haiti and HSV-2 test performance in this population.

Methods

Unlinked residual serum specimens from the 2012 National HIV and Syphilis Sentinel Surveillance Survey among pregnant women in Haiti were tested using two commercial kits (Focus HerpeSelect, Kalon) for HSV-2 antibodies. We evaluated rates of HSV-2 seropositivity and HSV-2/HIV co-infection, associations between HSV-2 and demographic characteristics using multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling, and HSV-2 test performance in this population.

Results

Serum samples from 1000 pregnant women (all 164 HIV positive and 836 random HIV negative) were selected. The overall weighted prevalence of HSV-2 was 31.4% (95% CI: 27.7–35.4) and the prevalence of HIV-positivity among HSV-2 positive pregnant women was five times higher than the prevalence among HSV-2 negative women (4.8% [95% CI: 3.9–6.0] vs. 0.9% [95% CI: 0.6–1.3], respectively). Factors significantly associated with HSV-2 positivity were HIV-positivity (PR: 2.27 [95% CI: 1.94–2.65]) and older age (PRs: 1.41 [95% CI: 1.05–1.91] for 20–24 years, 1.71 [95% CI:1.13–2.60] for 30–34 years, and 1.55 [95% CI: 1.10–2.19] for 35 years or greater]), while rural residence was negatively associated with HSV-2 positivity (PR 0.83 [95% CI: 0.69–1.00]), after controlling for other covariables. For this study a conservative Focus index cutoff of 3.5 was used, but among samples with a Focus index value ≥2.5, 98.4% had positive Kalon tests.

Conclusion

The prevalence of HSV-2 is relatively high among pregnant women in Haiti. Public health interventions to increase access to HSV-2 screening in antenatal services are warranted.


Subject:
[+]
Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Viral Coinfection Female Haiti Herpes Genitalis Herpes Simplex Herpesvirus 2, Human HIV Infections HIV Women HSV-2 Humans Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Middle Aged Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Pregnant Women Prevalence Research Article Rural Population Screening Seroepidemiologic Studies Young Adult
Source:
BMC Infect Dis. 17
Pubmed ID:
28821230
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC5563013
Document Type:
Journal Article
Collection(s):
Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library collection
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:39f4ebc4c16dd2df7eaa5606d6a373c0deb61f283bb1723ed71eddd0185fa74e
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/47685/cdc_47685_DS1.pdf
File Type:

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