Self-collected genital swabs compared with cervicovaginal lavage for measuring HIV-1 and HSV-2 and the effect of acyclovir on viral shedding

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Int J STD AIDS
• Personal Author:
  McNicholl, Janet M. ; Leelawiwat, Wanna ; Whitehead, Sara ; Hanson, Debra L. ; Evans-Strickfaden, Tammy ; Cheng, Chen Y. ; Chonwattana, Wannee ; Mueanpai, Famui ; Kittinunvorakoon, Chonticha ; Markowitz, Lauri ; Dunne, Eileen F.
• Description:
  HIV-1 and HSV-2 are frequent genital co-infections in women. To determine how self-collected genital swabs compare to provider-collected cervicovaginal lavage, paired self-collected genital swabs and cervicovaginal lavage from women co-infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2 were evaluated. Women were in an acyclovir clinical trial and their samples were tested for HIV-1 RNA (361 samples) and HSV-2 DNA (378 samples). Virus shedding, quantity and acyclovir effect were compared. HIV-1 and HSV-2 were more frequently detected in self-collected genital swabs: 74.5% of self-collected genital swabs and 63.6% of cervicovaginal lavage had detectable HIV-1 (p ≤ 0.001, Fisher's exact test) and 29.7% of self-collected genital swabs and 19.3% of cervicovaginal lavage had detectable HSV-2 (p ≤ 0.001) in the placebo month. Cervicovaginal lavage and self-collected genital swabs virus levels were correlated (Spearman's rho, 0.68 for HIV; 0.61 for HSV-2) and self-collected genital swabs levels were generally higher. In multivariate modeling, self-collected genital swabs and cervicovaginal lavage could equally detect the virus-suppressive effect of acyclovir: for HIV-1, proportional odds ratios were 0.42 and 0.47 and for HSV-2, they were 0.10 and 0.03 for self-collected genital swabs and cervicovaginal lavage, respectively. Self-collected genital swabs should be considered for detection and measurement of HIV-1 and HSV-2 in clinical trials and other studies as they are a sensitive method to detect virus and can be collected in the home with frequent sampling.
• Subjects:
  Ano-genital Original Research Articles Polymerase Chain Reaction Sampling Self-collection Sexually Transmitted Infection Transmission Virus
• Source:
  Int J STD AIDS. 2016; 28(4):372-379.
• Pubmed ID:
  27179350
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5315198
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Volume:
  28
• Issue:
  4
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:87ad3a09089d11da0e0bafd7ee0c96ca08075e619c88b8633f0c1917f75e6e42
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/44559/cdc_44559_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 296.50 KB ]