Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) Value Profile: Acrylonitrile (CAS No. 107-13-1)

Details

• Alternative Title:
  IDLH Immediately dangerous to life or health value profile
• Journal Article:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Personal Author:
  Dotson, G. Scott ; Maier, Andrew ; Parker, Ann ; Haber, Lynn T.
• Description:
  The IDLH value for acrylonitrile is based on a lethality data reported in Appel et al. [1981a]. In this study, preliminary experiments on lethality were conducted in groups of Wistar rats under several exposure conditions. Durations of exposures ranged from 10 to 180 minutes; airborne concentrations varied from 650 to 3000 ppm. NAS [2014] used the lethality data to generate a 30-minute BMCL05 of 1,784 ppm. No duration adjustment was required. Application of a composite uncertainty factor of 30 to account for extrapolation from a lethal concentration threshold in animals, animal to human differences, and human variability yielded an IDLH value for acrylonitrile of 60 ppm. This value is believed to be protective of escape-impairing, irreversible adverse health effects and deaths associated with exposures to acrylonitrile for 30 minutes or less. It should be noted that the IDLH value for acrylonitrile differs from the AEGL-2 30-minute value, which is intended to represent an airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape [NAS 2001]. NAS [2014] based the AEGL-2 values on a no effect level (NOEL) for fetal toxicity reported in a developmental toxicity study conducted by Saillenfait et al. [1993]. In this study, rats were exposed to varying concentrations of acrylonitrile for 6 hours/day during gestation days 6 to 20. Exposure at concentrations above 12 ppm resulted in decreased fetal body weight at higher concentrations (25-100 ppm); consequently, 12 ppm was identified as a NOEL. NIOSH based the IDLH value for acrylonitrile on the 30-minute BMCL05 value of 1748 ppm from Appel et al. [1981a]. The use of this value as the basis of the IDLH value prevented the need for duration adjustment and allowed for the use of a lower uncertainty factor. Additionally, the IDLH value aligns closely with the AEGL-3 30-minute value for acrylonitrile, which is intended to represent an airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death [NAS 2001]. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Animals Chemistry Environmental Exposure Hazardous Substances Laboratories Morbidity Mortality Occupational Health Particulate Matter Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety

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• Keywords:
  Acrylonitrile; Exposure levels; Risk factors; Hazards; Animals; Laboratory animals; Airborne particulates; Health effects; Fatalities; Mortality rates; Morbidity rates; Chemical composition; Chemical properties; Chemicals; Chemical hazards; IDLH; Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
• Source:
  Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2016-167, 2016 Sep; :1-11
• Series:
  NIOSH Numbered Publications
• Subseries:
  Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) Value Profile
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB2016167
• Publisher:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Report
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  EID - Education and Information Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  28 pdf pages
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20048744
• CAS Registry Number:
  Acrylonitrile (CAS RN 107-13-1)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2016
• Performing Organization:
  Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:4bdc52bf338c67e0cf78b274f76f5d66c08ef05465f29fa84502c50efc48dc7fe5b8ee04ac9e3b24e2da9baee8926297e82b9b2f903af6e2c808bee9634132ad
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/41593/cdc_41593_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 379.43 KB ]