27003494

PMC4978777

Introduction

Improving HIV outcomes among severely immunocompromised HIV-infected persons who have increased morbidity and mortality remains an important issue in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to evaluate the impact of targeted clinic- based nurse care on ART initiation and retention among severely immunocompromised HIV-infected persons.

Methods

The study included ART-naïve patients with CD4<100 cells/μL registered in seven urban clinics in Kampala, Uganda. Data were retrospectively collected on patients enrolled from July to December 2011 (routine care cohort). Between July 2012 and September 2013, one additional nurse per clinic was hired (nurse counselor cohort) to identify new patients, expedite ART initiation and trace those loss-to-follow-up. We compared time to ART initiation and 6-month retention in care between cohorts and used a generalized linear model to estimate the relative risk of retention.

Results

The study included 258 patients in the routine care cohort and 593 in the nurse counselor cohort. The proportion of patients who initiated ART increased from 190 (73.6%) in the routine care cohort to 506 (85.3%) in the nurse counselor cohort (p<0.001). At 6 months, 62% of the routine care cohort were retained in care versus 76% in the nurse counselor cohort (p=0.001). A 21% increase in likelihood of retention in the nurse counselor cohort (relative risk 1.21, 95% CI, 1.09–1.34) compared with the routine care cohort was observed.

Conclusion

Implementation of targeted nurse–led care of severely immunocompromised HIV-infected patients in public outpatient health care facilities resulted in decreased time to ART initiation and increased retention.

CDC Public Access

R01 NS086312/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
U01 AI089244/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
U01 GH000517/GH/CGH CDC HHS/United States