Details:

Alternative Title:
Environ Health Perspect
Personal Author:
Calafat, Antonia M. ; Ye, Xiaoyun ; Wong, Lee-Yang ; Reidy, John A. ; Needham, Larry L.
Calafat, Antonia M. ; Ye, Xiaoyun ; Wong, Lee-Yang ; Reidy, John A. ; Needham, Larry L. Less -
Description:
Background

Bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-tertiary-octylphenol (tOP) are industrial chemicals used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins (BPA) and nonionic surfactants (tOP). These products are in widespread use in the United States.

Objectives

We aimed to assess exposure to BPA and tOP in the U.S. general population.

Methods

We measured the total (free plus conjugated) urinary concentrations of BPA and tOP in 2,517 participants ≥ 6 years of age in the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution–high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

BPA and tOP were detected in 92.6% and 57.4% of the persons, respectively. Least square geometric mean (LSGM) concentrations of BPA were significantly lower in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic blacks (p = 0.006) and non-Hispanic whites (p = 0.007); LSGM concentrations for non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites were not statistically different (p = 0.21). Females had statistically higher BPA LSGM concentrations than males (p = 0.043). Children had higher concentrations than adolescents (p < 0.001), who in turn had higher concentrations than adults (p = 0.003). LSGM concentrations were lowest for participants in the high household income category (> $45,000/year).

Conclusions

Urine concentrations of total BPA differed by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and household income. These first U.S. population representative concentration data for urinary BPA and tOP should help guide public health research priorities, including studies of exposure pathways, potential health effects, and risk assessment.


Subject:
[+]
Adolescent
Adult
Benzhydryl Compounds
Child
Demography
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Pollutants
Estrogens, Non-Steroidal
Female
Humans
Income
Male
Middle Aged
Nutrition Surveys
Phenols

Source:
Environ Health Perspect. 2008; 116(1):39-44.
Document Type:
Journal Article
Name as Subject:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (U.S.)
Place as Subject:
United States
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:9079c1254678fe438c53ffd08adf494be2de916dcc3262a0e407a71b706ee2d6
File Type:

Supporting Files

• 	ehp0116-000039.nxml	txt
  	ehp0116-000039f1.gif	gif
  	ehp0116-000039f1.jpg	jpeg
  	license.txt	txt

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