Details:

Alternative Title:
Environ Health Perspect
Personal Author:
Barr, Dana Boyd ; Olsson, Anders O. ; Wong, Lee-Yang ; Udunka, Simeon ; Baker, Samuel E. ; ... More +
Barr, Dana Boyd ; Olsson, Anders O. ; Wong, Lee-Yang ; Udunka, Simeon ; Baker, Samuel E. ; Whitehead, Ralph D. ; Magsumbol, Melina S. ; Williams, Bryan L. ; Needham, Larry L. Less -
Description:
Background

Pyrethroid insecticides are the most commonly used residential insecticides in the United States.

Objectives

Our objective was to assess human exposure via biomonitoring to pyrethroid insecticides in a representative sample of the general U.S. population ≥ 6 years of age.

Methods

By using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, we measured five urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in 5,046 samples collected as a part of the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Univariate, multivariate, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed using SUDAAN and SAS software, incorporating the appropriate sample weights into the analyses. Multivariate analyses included age, sex, race/ethnicity, creatinine, fasting status, and urine collection time as covariates.

Results

We detected 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), a metabolite common to many pyrethroid insecticides, in more than 70% of the samples. The least-squares geometric mean (LSGM) concentration (corrected for covariates) of 3PBA and the frequency of detection increased from 1999–2000 (0.292 ng/mL) to 2001–2002 (0.318 ng/mL) but not significantly. Non-Hispanic blacks had significantly higher LSGM 3PBA concentrations than did non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans in the 2001–2002 survey period and in the combined 4-year survey periods but not in the 1999–2000 survey period. Children had significantly higher LSGM concentrations of 3PBA than did adolescents in both NHANES periods and than adults in NHANES 1999–2000. Cis- and trans-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid were highly correlated with each other and with 3PBA, suggesting that urinary 3PBA was derived primarily from exposure to permethrin, cypermethrin, or their degradates.

Conclusions

Pyrethroid insecticide exposure in the U.S. population is widespread, and the presence of its metabolites in the urine of U.S. residents indicates that children may have higher exposures than adolescents and adults.


Subject:
[+]
Adolescent
Adult
African Americans
Age Factors
Benzoates
Child
Creatinine
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Pollutants
Humans
Insecticides
Least-Squares Analysis
Mexican Americans
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Nutrition Surveys
Pyrethrins
Sex Factors
Whites
Young Adult

Source:
Environ Health Perspect. 118(6):742-748.
Document Type:
Journal Article
Name as Subject:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (U.S.) ; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (U.S.)
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (U.S.) ; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (U.S.) Less -
Place as Subject:
United States
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:4abd431303c5fc06c4757cd6dea5e041575f8794bcee7a1d4e8d3dc931354385
File Type:

Supporting Files

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