Urinary Concentrations of Four Parabens in the U.S. Population: NHANES 2005–2006

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Environ Health Perspect
• Personal Author:
  Calafat, Antonia M. ; Ye, Xiaoyun ; Wong, Lee-Yang ; Bishop, Amber M. ; Needham, Larry L.
• Description:
  Background
  
  Parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage processing.
  
  Objectives
  
  We assessed exposure to methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl parabens in a representative sample of persons ≥ 6 years of age in the U.S. general population from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  
  Methods
  
  We analyzed 2,548 urine samples by using online solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution–high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  Results
  
  We detected methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP) in 99.1% and 92.7% of the samples, respectively. We detected ethyl (42.4%) and butyl (47%) parabens less frequently and at median concentrations at least one order of magnitude lower than MP (63.5 μg/L) and PP (8.7 μg/L). Least-square geometric mean (LSGM) concentrations of MP were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) among non-Hispanic blacks than among non-Hispanic whites except at older ages (≥ 60 years). Adolescent and adult females had significantly higher (p < 0.01) LSGM concentrations of MP and PP than did adolescent and adult males. Females were more likely than males [adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): MP, 3.2 (2.99–5.27); PP, 4.19 (2.34–7.49)] and non-Hispanic blacks were more likely than non-Hispanic whites [MP, 4.99 (2.62–9.50); PP, 3.6 (1.86–7.05)] to have concentrations above the 95th percentile.
  
  Conclusions
  
  The general U.S. population was exposed to several parabens during 2005–2006. Differences in the urinary concentrations of MP and PP by sex and race/ethnicity likely reflect the use of personal care products containing these compounds.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Adult Aged Child Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Environmental Exposure Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Female Food Preservatives Humans Male Middle Aged Parabens Preservatives, Pharmaceutical Solid Phase Extraction Tandem Mass Spectrometry Young Adult

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• Source:
  Environ Health Perspect. 118(5):679-685.
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Name as Subject:
  National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (U.S.)
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  118
• Issue:
  5
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:c2b10894ef01d4edfb14fab928819c106f8ae22d9945d820a763c0bb9b73a914
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/3811/cdc_3811_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 938.89 KB ]