Acrolein Exposure in U.S. Tobacco Smokers and Non-Tobacco Users: NHANES 2005–2006

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• Alternative Title:
  Environ Health Perspect
• Personal Author:
  Alwis, K. Udeni ; deCastro, B. Rey ; Morrow, John C. ; Blount, Benjamin C.
• Description:
  Background ; Acrolein is a highly reactive α,β unsaturated aldehyde and respiratory irritant. Acrolein is formed during combustion (e.g., burning tobacco or biomass), during high-temperature cooking of foods, and in vivo as a product of oxidative stress and polyamine metabolism. No biomonitoring reference data have been reported to characterize acrolein exposure for the U.S. population. ; Objectives ; Our goals were to a) evaluate two acrolein metabolites in urine—N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-l-cysteine (3HPMA) and N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-l-cysteine (CEMA)—as biomarkers of exposure to acrolein for the U.S. population by age, sex, race, and smoking status; and b) assess tobacco smoke as a predictor of acrolein exposure. ; Methods ; We analyzed urine from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005–2006) participants ≥ 12 years old (n = 2,866) for 3HPMA and CEMA using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MSMS). Sample-weighted linear regression models stratified for non-tobacco users versus tobacco smokers (as defined by serum cotinine and self-report) characterized the association of urinary 3HPMA and CEMA with tobacco smoke exposure, adjusting for urinary creatinine, sex, age, and race/ethnicity. ; Results ; 3HPMA and CEMA levels were higher among tobacco smokers (cigarettes, cigars, and pipe users) than among non-tobacco users. The median 3HPMA levels for tobacco smokers and non-tobacco users were 1,089 and 219 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Similarly, median CEMA levels were 203 μg/g creatinine for tobacco smokers and 78.8 μg/g creatinine for non-tobacco users. Regression analysis showed that serum cotinine was a significant positive predictor (p < 0.0001) of both 3HPMA and CEMA among tobacco smokers. ; Conclusions ; Tobacco smoke was a significant predictor of acrolein exposure in the U.S. population. ; Citation ; Alwis KU, deCastro BR, Morrow JC, Blount BC. 2015. Acrolein exposure in U.S. tobacco smokers and non-tobacco users: NHANES 2005–2006. Environ Health Perspect 123:1302–1308; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409251
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• Subjects:
  • Research
• Source:
  Environ Health Perspect. 123(12):1302-1308.
• Pubmed ID:
  26024353
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC4671235
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Volume:
  123
• Issue:
  12
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/36943/cdc_36943_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 402.39 KB]
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:2f1f882b820f37ff392c0e96f73fcd1019893758e77cb0b2568b4a6055fef00f