Increased Rates of Respiratory and Diarrheal Illnesses in HIV-Negative Persons Living With HIV-Infected Individuals in a Densely Populated Urban Slum in Kenya

Wong, Joshua M.; Cosmas, Leonard; Nyachieo, Dhillon; Williamson, John M.; Olack, Beatrice; Okoth, George; Njuguna, Henry; Feikin, Daniel R.; Burke, Heather; Montgomery, Joel M.; Breiman, Robert F.

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Increased Rates of Respiratory and Diarrheal Illnesses in HIV-Negative Persons Living With HIV-Infected Individuals in a Densely Populated Urban Slum in Kenya

Feb 25 2015
By Wong, Joshua M. ; Cosmas, Leonard ; Nyachieo, Dhillon ; ...
Source: J Infect Dis. 212(5):745-753.

[PDF-519.71 KB]

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Details:

Alternative Title:

J Infect Dis
Personal Author:

Wong, Joshua M. ; Cosmas, Leonard ; Nyachieo, Dhillon ; Williamson, John M. ; Olack, Beatrice ; ... More +

Wong, Joshua M. ; Cosmas, Leonard ; Nyachieo, Dhillon ; Williamson, John M. ; Olack, Beatrice ; Okoth, George ; Njuguna, Henry ; Feikin, Daniel R. ; Burke, Heather ; Montgomery, Joel M. ; Breiman, Robert F. Less -
Description:

Background

Prolonged pathogen shedding and increased duration of illness associated with infections in immunosuppressed individuals put close human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–negative contacts of HIV-infected persons at increased risk of exposure to infectious pathogens.

Methods

We calculated incidence and longitudinal prevalence (number of days per year) of influenzalike illness (ILI), diarrhea, and nonspecific febrile illness during 2008 from a population-based surveillance program in the urban slum of Kibera (Kenya) that included 1830 HIV-negative household contacts of HIV-infected individuals and 13 677 individuals living in exclusively HIV-negative households.

Results

For individuals ≥5 years old, incidence was significantly increased for ILI (risk ratio [RR], 1.47; P < .05) and diarrhea (RR, 1.41; P < .05) in HIV-negative household contacts of HIV-infected individuals compared with exclusively HIV-negative households. The risk of illness among HIV-negative persons was directly proportional to the number of HIV-infected persons living in the home for ILI (RR, 1.39; P < .05) and diarrhea (RR, 1.36; P < .01). We found no increased rates of illness in children <5 years old who lived with HIV-infected individuals.

Conclusions

Living with HIV-infected individuals is associated with modestly increased rates of respiratory and diarrheal infections in HIV-negative individuals >5 years old. Targeted interventions are needed, including ensuring that HIV-infected persons are receiving appropriate care and treatment.
Subjects:

[+]

Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Adolescent Adult Africa Aged Aged, 80 And Over ALRI Article Child Child, Preschool Diarrhea Environmental Exposure Family Characteristics Female HIV HIV Infections Home-based Counseling And Testing Household Transmission Humans ILI Incidence Incidence Rates Influenzalike Illness Kenya Kibera Male Middle Aged Nonspecific Febrile Illness Pneumonia Poverty Areas Prevalence Respiratory Infection Respiratory Tract Infections Risk Assessment Surveillance Urban Population Urban Slum Young Adult
Source:

J Infect Dis. 212(5):745-753.
Pubmed ID:

25722292
Pubmed Central ID:

PMC4664072
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
Place as Subject:

Kenya
Volume:

212
Issue:

5
Collection(s):

CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:

[+]

urn:sha256:1c8b53297edecabea2e9ca030d1bf3269ad6dcf10fa80578d687776a52844a73
Download URL:

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/36724/cdc_36724_DS1.pdf
File Type:

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