Duration of protection against hepatitis A for the current two-dose vaccine compared to a three-dose vaccine schedule in children

Raczniak, Gregory A.; Thomas, Timothy K.; Bulkow, Lisa R.; Negus, Susan E.; Zanis, Carolyn L.; Bruce, Michael G.; Spradling, Philip R.; Teshale, Eyasu H.; McMahon, Brian J.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.048

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Duration of protection against hepatitis A for the current two-dose vaccine compared to a three-dose vaccine schedule in children

Published Date:

Mar 05 2013

Publisher's site:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.048 New Site Icon

Source:

Vaccine. 31(17):2152-2155.

[PDF-108.10 KB]

Details:

Personal Authors:

Raczniak, Gregory A. ; Thomas, Timothy K. ; Bulkow, Lisa R. ; Negus, Susan E. ; Zanis, Carolyn L. ; ... More ▼

Keywords:

[+]

Pubmed ID:

23470239

Pubmed Central ID:

PMC4648811

Description:

Background

Hepatitis A is mostly a self-limiting disease but causes substantial economic burden. Consequently, United States Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices recommends inactivated hepatitis A vaccination for all children beginning at age 1 year and for high risk adults. The hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective but the duration of protection is unknown.

Methods

We examined the proportion of children with protective hepatitis A antibody levels (anti-HAV ≥20 mIU/mL) as well as the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HAV in a cross sectional convenience sample of individuals aged 12–24 years, who had been vaccinated with a two-dose schedule in childhood, with the initial dose at least 5 years ago. We compared a subset of data from persons vaccinated with two-doses (720 EL.U.) at age 3–6 years with a demographically similar prospective cohort that received a three-dose (360 EL.U.) schedule and have been followed for 17 years.

Results

No significant differences were observed when comparing GMC between the two cohorts at 10 (P = 0.467), 12 (P = 0.496), and 14 (P = 0.175) years post-immunization. For the three-dose cohort, protective antibody levels remain for 17 years and have leveled-off over the past 7 years.

Conclusion

The two- and three-dose schedules provide similar protection >14 years after vaccination, indicating a booster dose is not needed at this time. Plateauing anti-HAV GMC levels suggest protective antibody levels may persist long-term.

Document Type:

Journal Article

Collection(s):

CDC Public Access
Arctic Investigations Program

Funding:

CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
U01PS001097/PS/NCHHSTP CDC HHS/United States
U50/CCU022279/PHS HHS/United States

Supporting Files:

nihms736937.nxml

application/octet-stream

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