Details:

Alternative Title:
Epidemiol Infect
Personal Author:
Cope, J.R. ; Prosser, A. ; Nowicki, S. ; Roberts, M.W. ; Scheer, D. ; ... More +
Cope, J.R. ; Prosser, A. ; Nowicki, S. ; Roberts, M.W. ; Scheer, D. ; Anderson, C. ; Longsworth, A. ; Parsons, C. ; Goldschmidt, D. ; Johnston, S. ; Bishop, H. ; Xiao, L. ; Hill, V. ; Beach, M. ; Hlavsa, M.C. Less -
Description:
The incidence of recreational water-associated outbreaks in the United States has significantly increased, driven, at least in part, by outbreaks both caused by Cryptosporidium and associated with treated recreational water venues. Because of the parasite's extreme chlorine tolerance, transmission can occur even in well-maintained treated recreational water venues (e.g. pools) and a focal cryptosporidiosis outbreak can evolve into a community-wide outbreak associated with multiple recreational water venues and settings (e.g. childcare facilities). In August 2004 in Auglaize County, Ohio, multiple cryptosporidiosis cases were identified and anecdotally linked to pool A. Within 5 days of the first case being reported, pool A was hyperchlorinated to achieve 99·9% Cryptosporidium inactivition. A case-control study was launched to epidemiologically ascertain the outbreak source 11 days later. A total of 150 confirmed and probable cases were identified; the temporal distribution of illness onset was peaked, indicating a point-source exposure. Cryptosporidiosis was significantly associated with swimming in pool A (matched odds ratio 121·7, 95% confidence interval 27·4-∞) but not with another venue or setting. The findings of this investigation suggest that proactive implementation of control measures, when increased Cryptosporidium transmission is detected but before an outbreak source is epidemiologically ascertained, might prevent a focal cryptosporidiosis outbreak from evolving into a community-wide outbreak.
Subject:
[+]
Adolescent
Adult
Article
Case-Control Studies
Child
Child, Preschool
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidium
Disease Transmission, Infectious
Female
Fresh Water
Halogenation
Humans
Infant
Infection Control
Male
Middle Aged
Swimming Pools
Young Adult

Source:
Epidemiol Infect. 143(16):3459-3467.
Pubmed ID:
25907106
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC4627689
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
Place as Subject:
Ohio
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:83fee0e2aeab4ee2399df2f8e552eb62b98c952e1616f7aa05f57528b074c467
File Type:

Supporting Files

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