Details:

Alternative Title:
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol
Publisher's site:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdra.23296
Personal Author:
in 't Woud, Sander Groen ; van Rooij, Iris A.L.M. ; van Gelder, Marleen M.H.J. ; Olney, Richard S. ; Carmichael, Suzan L. ; ... More +
in 't Woud, Sander Groen ; van Rooij, Iris A.L.M. ; van Gelder, Marleen M.H.J. ; Olney, Richard S. ; Carmichael, Suzan L. ; Roeleveld, Nel ; Reefhuis, Jennita Less -
Corporate Authors:
National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Description:
Background

Hypospadias is a frequent birth defect with three phenotypic subtypes. With data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a large, multi-state, population-based, case-control study, we compared risk factors for second and third degree hypospadias.

Methods

A wide variety of data on maternal and pregnancy-related risk factors for isolated second and third degree hypospadias was collected via computer-assisted telephone interviews to identify potential etiological differences between the two phenotypes. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios including a random effect by study center.

Results

In total, 1547 second degree cases, 389 third degree cases, and 5183 male controls were included in our study. Third degree cases were more likely to have a non-Hispanic black or Asian/Pacific Islander mother, be delivered preterm, have a low birth weight, be small for gestational age, and be conceived with fertility treatments than second degree cases and controls. Associations with both second and third degree hypospadias were observed for maternal age, family history, parity, plurality, and hypertension during pregnancy. Risk estimates were generally higher for third degree hypospadias except for family history.

Conclusions

Most risk factors were associated with both or neither phenotype. Therefore, it is likely that the underlying mechanism is at least partly similar for both phenotypes. However, some associations were different between 2nd and 3rd degree hypospadias, and went in opposite directions for second and third degree hypospadias for Asian/Pacific Islander mothers. Effect estimates for subtypes of hypospadias may be over- or underestimated in studies without stratification by phenotype.


Subject:
[+]
Adult
Asians
Case-Control Studies
Female
Health Surveys
Humans
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
Hypospadias
Infant, Low Birth Weight
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature
Logistic Models
Male
Native Hawaiian Or Other Pacific Islander
Odds Ratio
Phenotype
Pregnancy
Risk Factors

Source:
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 100(9):703-711.
Pubmed ID:
25181604
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC4591539
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
NZR5/Intramural CDC HHS/United States ; R01 ES017060/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
NZR5/Intramural CDC HHS/United States ; R01 ES017060/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States Less -
Name as Subject:
National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Place as Subject:
United States
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:ba123cb1d2e847a0118c2f1036aef84633f2a07ce6657edb4a7b5fcd9a3b4546
File Type:

Supporting Files

• nihms725253.nxml

  txt

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