Prevalence of Nonrefractive Visual Impairment in US Adults and Associated Risk Factors, 1999-2002 and 2005-2008

Details

• Alternative Title:
  JAMA
• Personal Author:
  Ko, Fang ; Vitale, Susan ; Chou, Chiu-Fang ; Cotch, Mary Frances ; Saaddine, Jinan ; Friedman, David S.
• Description:
  Context
  
  Over the past decade, chronic illnesses with ophthalmic sequelae such as diabetes and diabetic retinopathy have increased.
  
  Objectives
  
  To estimate prevalence of nonrefractive visual impairment and to describe its relationship with demographic and systemic risk factors including diagnosed diabetes.
  
  Design, Setting, and Participants
  
  The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) examined a representative sample of the US noninstitutionalized population. In 1999-2002 and 2005-2008, 9471 and 10 480 participants aged 20 years or older received questionnaires, laboratory tests, and physical examinations. Visual acuity of less than 20/40 aided by autorefractor was classified as nonrefractive visual impairment.
  
  Main Outcome Measure
  
  Nonrefractive visual impairment.
  
  Results
  
  Weighted prevalence of nonrefractive visual impairment increased 21% among US adults aged 20 years and older from 1.4% in 1999-2002 to 1.7% in 2005-2008 (P=.03); and increased 40% among non-Hispanic whites aged 20-39 years from 0.5% to 0.7% (P=.008). In multivariable analyses, statistically significant risk factors for nonrefractive visual impairment in 1999-2002 included age (per year odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.09), poverty (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.31-3.64), lack of insurance (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.16-2.95), and diabetes with 10 or more years since diagnosis (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.15-3.25). In 2005-2008, risk factors included age (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.07), poverty (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.55-3.22), education less than high school (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.54-2.90), and diabetes with 10 or more years since diagnosis (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.64-4.37). Prevalence of diabetes with 10 or more years since diagnosis increased 22% overall from 2.8% to 3.6% (P=.02); and 133% among non-Hispanic whites aged 20-39 years from 0.3% to 0.7% (P<.001).
  
  Conclusion
  
  Prevalence of nonrefractive visual impairment was significantly higher in 2005-2008 than in 1999-2002 and may be attributable, in part, to higher prevalence of diabetes, an associated risk factor that increased in prevalence during this time period.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adult Aged Age Factors Diabetes Complications Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Retinopathy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Nutrition Surveys Odds Ratio Prevalence Risk Factors Vision Disorders Young Adult

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• Source:
  JAMA. 2012; 308(22).
• Pubmed ID:
  23232894
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC3810182
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  1U58DP002653-01/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States ; Z01 EY000402-06/Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; Z01 EY000402-07/Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; Z01EY000402/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; Z99 EY999999/Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; ZIA EY000402-08/Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; ZIA EY000402-09/Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; ZIA EY000402-10/Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; ZIA EY000402-11/Intramural NIH HHS/United States
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  308
• Issue:
  22
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:5e88577e96690d8676cdcdc2985674c654f2ef3a8cc513a1c8348b2c5d9333d2
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/33639/cdc_33639_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 65.28 KB ]