i
Superseded
This Document Has Been Replaced By:
i
Retired
This Document Has Been Retired
i
Up-to-date Information
This is the latest update:
Relations among Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Comorbid Major Depression, and HPA Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
-
Published Date:
February 10 2012
-
Source:Clin Psychol Rev. 2012; 32(4):301-315
-
Language:English
-
Details:
-
Alternative Title:Clin Psychol Rev
-
Personal Author:
-
Description:Exposure to traumatic stress is associated with increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) function. Research linking traumatic stress with HPA function in PTSD has been inconsistent, however, in part due to (a) the inclusion of trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD (TE) in control groups and (b) a failure to consider comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and moderating variables. This meta-analysis of 47 studies (123 effect sizes, N=6008 individuals) revealed that daily cortisol output was lower for PTSD (d=-.36, SE=.15, p=.008) and PTSD+MDD (d=-.65, SE=.25, p=.008) groups relative to no trauma controls (NTC); TE and NTC groups did not differ significantly from each other. Afternoon/evening cortisol was lower in TE (d=-.25, SE=.09, p=.007) and PTSD (d=-.27, SE=.12, p=.021) groups and higher in PTSD+MDD groups (d=.49, SE=.24, p=.041) relative to NTC. Post-DST cortisol levels were lower in PTSD (d=-.40, SE=.12, p<.001), PTSD+MDD (d=-.65, SE=.14, p<.001), and TE groups (d=-.53, SE=.14, p<.001) relative to NTC. HPA effect sizes were moderated by age, sex, time since index event, and developmental timing of trauma exposure. These findings suggest that enhanced HPA feedback function may be a marker of trauma-exposure rather than a specific mechanism of vulnerability for PTSD, whereas lower daily cortisol output may be associated with PTSD in particular.
-
Subject:
-
Pubmed ID:22459791
-
Pubmed Central ID:PMC3340453
-
Document Type:
-
Funding:
-
Collection(s):
-
Main Document Checksum:
- File Type:
-
Supporting Files:
image/jpeg application/zip application/msword text/xml image/gif image/jpeg image/gif image/jpeg image/gif
No Related Documents.