Buprenorphine and Buprenorphine/Naloxone Diversion, Misuse, and Illicit Use: An International Review

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Curr Drug Abuse Rev
• Personal Author:
  Yokell, Michael A. ; Zaller, Nickolas D. ; Green, Traci C. ; Rich, Josiah D.
• Description:
  The diversion, misuse, and non-medically supervised use of buprenorphine and buprenorphine/naloxone by opioid users are reviewed. Buprenorphine and buprenorphine/naloxone are used globally as opioid analgesics and in the treatment of opioid dependency. Diversion of buprenorphine and buprenorphine/naloxone represents a complex medical and social issue, and has been widely documented in various geographical regions throughout the world. We first discuss the clinical properties of buprenorphine and its abuse potential. Second, we discuss its diversion and illicit use on an international level, as well as motivations for those activities. Third, we examine the medical risks and benefits of buprenorphine's non-medically supervised use and misuse. These risks and benefits include the effect of buprenorphine's use on HIV risk and the risk of its concomitant use with other medications and drugs of abuse. Finally, we discuss the implications of diversion, misuse, and non-medically supervised use (including potential measures to address issues of diversion); and potential areas for further research.
• Subjects:
  Article Buprenorphine Buprenorphine/naloxone Diversion Drug Overdose HIV Infections Humans Illicit Drugs Injection Drug Use Motivation Naloxone Narcotic Antagonists Narcotics Opiate Abuse Opiate Dependence Opioid-Related Disorders Opioid Abuse Opioid Dependence Risk-Taking Self Treatment Suboxone Subutex

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• Source:
  Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2011; 4(1):28-41
• Pubmed ID:
  21466501
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC3154701
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  P30 DA013868/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; R21 CE001846/CE/NCIPC CDC HHSUnited States/ ; K24 DA022112/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; P30DA013868/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; K24 DA022112-01A2/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/ ; P30-AI-42853/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; P30 AI042853/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; R21CE001846-01/CE/NCIPC CDC HHSUnited States/ ; K24DA022112/DA/NIDA NIH HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  4
• Issue:
  1
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:47cc71a27033f5eeb903613003a728490c8bc8e764180fc269b18e44bde26664
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/33231/cdc_33231_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 90.25 KB ]