23669517

PMC4535053

Background

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends all preterm infants receive human milk.

Objective

To describe the use of human milk in advanced care neonatal units of U.S. maternity hospitals.

Methods

We used CDC’s national Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) survey from 2007, 2009, and 2011 to analyze 2 questions to describe the prevalence of U.S. advanced care (special/level 2 or intensive/level 3) neonatal units routinely providing human milk to infants, and the use of any donor milk in these units.

Results

In 2011, 30.8% of maternity hospitals reported that most infants (≥90%) were routinely provided human milk in advanced care units, compared to 26.7% in 2009 and 21.2% in 2007 (trend p<0.001). States in the northwest and northeast had a higher prevalence of hospitals routinely providing human milk to ≥90% of infants in advanced care units. In 2011, 22.0% of maternity hospitals providing advanced care used banked donor milk, compared to 14.4% in 2009 and 11.5% in 2007 (trend p<0.001). Most of this increase occurred in intensive care units (25.1% 2007 vs. 45.2% 2011; trend p<0.001). There was substantial geographic variation in the prevalence of advanced care units using donor milk; generally the prevalence was higher in the west and in states with a milk bank in the state or neighboring state.

Conclusion

The use of human milk in U.S. advanced care neonatal units is increasing; however, only one-third of these units are routinely providing human milk to most infants.

CDC Public Access

CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
T32 DK007734/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States