Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Children With and Without Sickle Cell Disease in the United States, 1998 to 2009

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Pediatr Infect Dis J
• Personal Author:
  Payne, Amanda B. ; Link-Gelles, Ruth ; Azonobi, Ijeoma ; Hooper, W. Craig ; Beall, Bernard W. ; Jorgensen, James H. ; Juni, Billie ; Moore, Matthew
• Description:
  Background
  
  Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk of illness and death from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The introduction in 2000 of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and penicillin prophylaxis for children with SCD has greatly reduced the incidence of IPD in this population. However, a recent report suggested an increase in cases of IPD in children with SCD.
  
  Methods
  
  Using data from Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs), we analyzed trends in hospitalizations, mortality, and serotype among children with SCD compared with other children. We used neonatal screening data to estimate SCD population denominators for each ABCs site.
  
  Results
  
  From 1998–2009, 3,069 cases of IPD occurred among African-American children less than 18 years of age in the ABCs catchment area. Of these, 127 (4.1%) had SCD identified by medical chart review and 185 (6.0%) had one or more IPD risk factors, excluding SCD. Rates of IPD among children with SCD declined by 53% (1,118 versus 530 per 100,000) while the overall rates among African-American children declined by 74% (54 to 14 per 100,000). For all time periods, children with SCD and IPD were more likely to be hospitalized (84%–92% versus 31%–56%) and more likely to die (6%–17% versus 1%–2%) than children with no risk factors.
  
  Conclusions
  
  While the rate of IPD in children with SCD has dropped dramatically since PCV7 introduction, the rate of IPD in children with SCD remains higher than that of the general population of African-American children, pointing to the need for more effective prevention efforts to prevent IPD in children with SCD.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Anemia, Sickle Cell Black Or African American Child Child, Preschool Hospitalization Humans Incidence Infant Infant, Newborn Pneumococcal Infections Pneumococcal Vaccines Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Treatment Outcome

  More +
• Source:
  Pediatr Infect Dis J. 32(12):1308-1312.
• Pubmed ID:
  23811745
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC4519831
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  BVX2/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Volume:
  32
• Issue:
  12
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:7289bb51a167ab82cf36af3a9898bbc1fcbabe9b996db8c83b7e9233f12050ce
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/32549/cdc_32549_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 367.77 KB ]