Details:

Alternative Title:
PLoS One
Personal Author:
Gilbert, Jennifer A. ; Long, Elisa F. ; Brooks, Ralph P. ; Friedland, Gerald H. ; Moll, Anthony P. ; ... More +
Gilbert, Jennifer A. ; Long, Elisa F. ; Brooks, Ralph P. ; Friedland, Gerald H. ; Moll, Anthony P. ; Townsend, Jeffrey P. ; Galvani, Alison P. ; Shenoi, Sheela V. ; Less -
Description:
The WHO recommends integrating interventions to address the devastating TB/HIV co-epidemics in South Africa, yet integration has been poorly implemented and TB/HIV control efforts need strengthening. Identifying infected individuals is particularly difficult in rural settings. We used mathematical modeling to predict the impact of community-based, integrated TB/HIV case finding and additional control strategies on South Africa's TB/HIV epidemics. We developed a model incorporating TB and HIV transmission to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating TB and HIV interventions in rural South Africa over 10 years. We modeled the impact of a novel screening program that integrates case finding for TB and HIV in the community, comparing it to status quo and recommended TB/HIV control strategies, including GeneXpert, MDR-TB treatment decentralization, improved first-line TB treatment cure rate, isoniazid preventive therapy, and expanded ART. Combining recommended interventions averted 27% of expected TB cases (95% CI 18-40%) 18% HIV (95% CI 13-24%), 60% MDR-TB (95% CI 34-83%), 69% XDR-TB (95% CI 34-90%), and 16% TB/HIV deaths (95% CI 12-29). Supplementing these interventions with annual community-based TB/HIV case finding averted a further 17% of TB cases (44% total; 95% CI 31-56%), 5% HIV (23% total; 95% CI 17-29%), 8% MDR-TB (68% total; 95% CI 40-88%), 4% XDR-TB (73% total; 95% CI 38-91%), and 8% TB/HIV deaths (24% total; 95% CI 16-39%). In addition to increasing screening frequency, we found that improving TB symptom questionnaire sensitivity, second-line TB treatment delays, default before initiating TB treatment or ART, and second-line TB drug efficacy were significantly associated with even greater reductions in TB and HIV cases. TB/HIV epidemics in South Africa were most effectively curtailed by simultaneously implementing interventions that integrated community-based TB/HIV control strategies and targeted drug-resistant TB. Strengthening existing TB and HIV treatment programs is needed to further reduce disease incidence.
Subject:
[+]
Research Article

Source:
PLoS One. 2015 ; 10(5).;
Series:
PEPFAR ;
Pubmed ID:
25938501
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC4418809
Document Type:
Journal Article ;
Funding:
1K23AI089260/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 1U01GH000524-01/GH/CGH CDC HHS/United States ; 2U01GM087719/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; 5U01GM105627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; K23 AI089260/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; ... More +
1K23AI089260/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 1U01GH000524-01/GH/CGH CDC HHS/United States ; 2U01GM087719/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; 5U01GM105627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; K23 AI089260/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01DA015612/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; R01DA025932/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; R24TW007988/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; Less -
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:2b69ca119996d68e31ea19e7fd34f8cfd55ef81af67abf27406c678922e8e4bf
File Type:

Supporting Files

• 	pone.0126267.g004.jpg	jpeg
  	pone.0126267.g005.gif	gif
  	pone.0126267.g005.jpg	jpeg
  	pone.0126267.nxml	txt
  	pone.0126267.s001.pdf	pdf
  	pone.0126267.s002.pdf	pdf
  	pone.0126267.s003.pdf	pdf
  	pone.0126267.s004.pdf	pdf
  	pone.0126267.s005.pdf	pdf
  	pone.0126267.s006.pdf	pdf
  	license.txt	txt
  	pone.0126267.s007.pdf	pdf
  	pone.0126267.s008.pdf	pdf
  	pone.0126267.g001.gif	gif
  	pone.0126267.g001.jpg	jpeg
  	pone.0126267.g002.gif	gif
  	pone.0126267.g002.jpg	jpeg
  	pone.0126267.g003.gif	gif
  	pone.0126267.g003.jpg	jpeg
  	pone.0126267.g004.gif	gif

More +