Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV-infected pregnant women in Malawi and transmission to infants

Details

• Alternative Title:
  J Hepatol
• Personal Author:
  Chasela, Charles S. ; Kourtis, Athena P. ; Wall, Patrick ; Drobeniuc, Jan ; King, Caroline C. ; Thai, Hong ; Teshale, Eyasu H. ; Hosseinipour, Mina ; Ellington, Sascha ; Codd, Mary B. ; Jamieson, Denise J. ; Knight, Rod ; Fitzpatrick, Patricia ; Kamili, Saleem ; Hoffman, Irving ; Kayira, Dumbani ; Mumba, Noel ; Kamwendo, Deborah D. ; Martinson, Francis ; Powderly, William ; Teo, Chong-Gee ; van der Horst, Charles
• Description:
  Background & Aims
  
  The extent of HBV infection to infants of HBV/HIV-coinfected pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of HBV infection among antiretroviral-naïve, HIV-infected pregnant women in Malawi and examine HBV transmission to their infants.
  
  Methods
  
  Plasma from 2048 HIV-infected, Malawian women and their infants were tested for markers of HBV infection. Study participants were provided standard-of-care health services, which included administration of pentavalent vaccine to infants at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age.
  
  Results
  
  One-hundred and three women (5%) were HBsAg-positive; 70 of these HBsAg-positive women were also HBV-DNA-positive. Sixteen women (0.8%) were HBV-DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative. Five of 51 infants (9.8%) born to HBsAg-positive and/or HBV-DNA-positive women were HBV-DNA-positive by 48 weeks of age. HBV DNA concentrations of two infants of mothers who received extended lamivudine-containing anti-HIV prophylaxis were <4 log10 IU/ml compared to ≥8 log10 IU/ml in three infants of mothers who did not.
  
  Conclusions
  
  HBV DNA was detected in nearly 10% of infants born to HBV/HIV-coinfected women. Antenatal testing for HIV and HBV, if instituted, can facilitate implementation of prophylactic measures against infant infection by both viruses. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the European Association for the Study of the Liver.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adult Coinfection DNA, Viral Female Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Surface Antigens HIV Infections Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Malawi Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Pregnancy Outcome

  More +
• Keywords:
  Antiviral Therapy Hepatitis HIV Mother-to-child Transmission Sub-Saharan Africa
• Source:
  J Hepatol. 60(3):508-514
• Pubmed ID:
  24211737
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC4411040
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  D43 TW001039/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States/ ; U48DP001944/ACL/ACL HHSUnited States/ ; R24 TW00798/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States/ ; SIP 26-04 U48-DP000059-01/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; R24 TW007988/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States/ ; P30 AI050410/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; SIP 22-09 U48-DP001944-01/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U48 DP001944/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/ ; P30-AI50410/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/ ; DHHS/NIH/FIC 2-D43 TW01039-06/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States/
• Volume:
  60
• Issue:
  3
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:9e2f0679df3f93738eddab0dbc566d6fa5dd60b40138f8e993b961ff2613c1e1
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/30658/cdc_30658_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 135.42 KB ]