1. What is hepatitis B? – 2. Hepatitis B vaccine: why get vaccinated? – 3. Who should get hepatitis B vaccine and when? -- 4. Who should not get hepatitis B vaccine? -- 5. What are the risks from hepatitis B vaccine? -- 6. What if there is a serious reaction? -- 7. The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program -- 8. How can I learn more?

Hepatitis B is a serious infection that affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus.

• In 2009, about 38,000 people became infected with

hepatitis B.

• Each year about 2,000 to 4,000 people die in the United

States from cirrhosis or liver cancer caused by hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B can cause:

Acute (short-term) illness. This can lead to:

• loss of appetite • diarrhea and vomiting

• tiredness • jaundice (yellow skin or eyes) • pain in muscles, joints, and stomach

Acute illness, with symptoms, is more common among adults. Children who become infected usually do not have symptoms.

Chronic (long-term) infection. Some people go on to develop chronic hepatitis B infection. Most of them do not have symptoms, but the infection is still very serious, and can lead to:

• liver damage (cirrhosis) • liver cancer • death

Chronic infection is more common among infants and children than among adults. People who are chronically infected can spread hepatitis B virus to others, even if they don’t look or feel sick. Up to 1.4 million people in the United States may have chronic hepatitis B infection.

Hepatitis B virus is easily spread through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. People can also be infected from contact with a contaminated object, where the virus can live for up to 7 days.

• A baby whose mother is infected can be infected at birth;

• Children, adolescents, and adults can become infected

by:

- contact with blood and body fluids through breaks in

the skin such as bites, cuts, or sores;

- contact with objects that have blood or body fluids on

them such as toothbrushes, razors, or monitoring and

treatment devices for diabetes;

- having unprotected sex with an infected person;

- sharing needles when injecting drugs;

- being stuck with a used needle.

Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library collection