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Introduction -- Risk Screening -- Screening for behavioral risks -- Screening for clinical risk factors -- Behavioral interventions -- Structural approaches to support and enhance prevention -- Interventions delivered on-site -- Referrals for additional prevention interventions and other services -- Examples of case situations for prevention counseling -- Partner counseling and referral services, including partner notification -- Laws and regulations related to informing partners -- Approaches to notifying partners -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Reducing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States requires new strategies, including empha-sis on prevention of transmission by HIV-infected persons. Through ongoing attention to prevention, risky sexual and needle-sharing behaviors among persons with HIV infection can be reduced and transmission of HIV infection prevented. Medical care providers can substantially affect HIV transmission by screening their HIV-infected patients for risk behaviors; communicatingprevention messages; discussing sexual and drug-use behavior; positively reinforcing changes to safer behavior; referring patients forservices such as substance abuse treatment; facilitating partner notification, counseling, and testing; and identifying and treatingother sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Guidelines and Recommendations

United States