Estimated US Trends in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Concentrations and Correlation to Risk of First-Time Infections Based on Blood Donations, 2022.

Details

• Alternative Title:
  The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2025, v. 232, no. 6: Estimated US Trends in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Concentrations and Correlation to Risk of First-Time Infections Based on Blood Donations, 2022.
• Journal Article:
  The Journal of Infectious Diseases
• Personal Author:
  Jones, Jefferson M. ; Grebe, Eduard ; Lartey, Isaac ; Stone, Mars ; Spencer, Bryan R. ; Akinseye, Akitunde ; Molina Manrique, Irene ; Fink, Rebecca V. ; Green, Valerie ; Saa, Paula ; Biggerstaff, Brad J. ; Coughlin, Melissa M. ; Briggs-Hagen, Melissa ; Lanteri, Marion C. ; Opsomer, Jean ; Wright, David J. ; Busch, Michael P.
• Description:
  By the end of 2021 in the United States, spike (S) antibody seroprevalence from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, infection, or both (hybrid immunity) reached over 90%. With high seroprevalence, quantitative antibody concentrations are needed to characterize population immunity. We measured quantitative S antibody concentrations in a national blood donor cohort and evaluated their correlation with protection against infection.
  
  One blood specimen per quarter in 2022 was tested for quantitative S immunoglobulin G (IgG) and infection-induced (nucleocapsid [N]) total Ig antibodies from a national blood donor cohort of 106 969 people. Median S antibody concentrations were calculated by quarter and by history of vaccination and infection. Among vaccinated donors without N antibodies, protection (measured as 1 minus hazard ratios compared with unvaccinated donors) against N antibody seroconversion was estimated by S antibody concentration. Median S antibody levels were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis tests.
  
  Median S antibody concentrations increased from 1380 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL in quarter 1 of 2022 to 1720 BAU/mL in quarter 4 of 2022. In quarter 4, S antibody levels were lowest in the infection-only group (median, 75 BAU/mL) and higher in the vaccine-only group (median, 1950 BAU/mL) and hybrid immunity group (median, 2550 BAU/mL). Protection against first-time infection increased with higher antibody concentrations; 5010 BAU/mL (95% confidence interval, 4120-6550 BAU/mL) was associated with 50% protection.
  
  During 2022, this nationwide study showed mildly increased S IgG concentrations over time among blood donors. Vaccination and hybrid immunity resulted in higher antibody concentrations than infection alone. Higher antibody concentrations were associated with increased protection from infection.
• Content Notes:
  Author manuscript
• Subjects:
  • Humans
  • COVID-19
  • Blood Donors
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Male
  • Female
  • Adult
  More +
• Keywords:
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • correlates of protection
  • immunity
  • vaccination
  • hybrid immunity
• Source:
  The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2025, v. 232, no. 6
• DOI:
  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf329
• ISSN:
  0022-1899 ; 1537-6613
• Pubmed ID:
  40581065
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC12519095
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/ ; U01 IP001266/IP/NCIRD CDC HHSUnited States/ ; 75D30120C08170/CC/CDC HHSUnited States/
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  United States
• Pages in Document:
  1302-1308 (13 pdf pages)
• Volume:
  232
• Issue:
  6
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:e6830527dc6c007581580d6afbab8455ee9e88a9d55d886665bba3b78f6f5f9fd2c93341b0367674bd17d8d5553dc548f2da271e9debca84dad497559d7214a4