Maternal proximity to mountain-top removal mining and birth defects in Appalachian Kentucky, 1997-2003.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Christian WJ ; Cooper DB ; Walker CJ
• Description:
  Extraction of coal through mountaintop removal mining (MTR) alters many dimensions of the landscape. Explosive blasts, exposed rock, and coal washing have the potential to pollute air and water. Previous research suggests that infants born to mothers living in areas with MTR have a higher prevalence of birth defects. In this cross-sectional study, we further examine the relationship between MTR activity and several types of birth defects. Maternal exposure to MTR was assessed using remote sensing data from Skytruth, which captures MTR activity in the Central Appalachian region of the United States. Active MTR area was quantified within a five-kilometer buffer surrounding geocoded maternal address captured on birth records for live births to Appalachian Kentucky mothers between 1997 and 2003 (N = 95,581). We assigned high, medium, and low exposure based on the tertile of total MTR area within 5-km, and births with no MTR within this buffer were assigned zero exposure. The presence or absence of a birth defect grouped into six major organ systems was identified using birth records alone. Finally, we applied conditional multiple imputation for variables with missing values before conducting separate multivariable log-binomial regression models for each birth defect group. Prevalence ratio (PR) estimates were adjusted for individual level covariates from birth records. The prevalence of gastro-intestinal defects was significantly higher in birth records with high and low active MTR exposure compared to records with no exposure. (High exposure: PR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.14-3.47; low exposure PR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.06-3.31). This study supports some of the existing findings of previous ecological studies. Research addressing the relationship between gastro-intestinal birth defects and MTR coal mining is warranted but should carefully consider temporal dimensions of exposure. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollutants, Occupational Coal Coal Mining Digestive System Digestive System Diseases Environmental Exposure Mining Occupational Health Pregnancy Safety
• Keywords:
  Pregnancy; Prenatal exposure; Birth defects; Coal mining; Cross sectional studies; Environmental exposure; Gastrointestinal system disorders; Air pollutants; Surface mining
• ISSN:
  1932-6203
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant ; Cooperative Agreement
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Kentucky ; OSHA Region 4
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  17
• Issue:
  8
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20065833
• Citation:
  PLoS One 2022 Aug; 17(8):e0272998
• Contact Point Address:
  W. Jay Christian, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
• Email:
  jay.christian@uky.edu
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• NORA Priority Area:
  Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
• Performing Organization:
  University of Kentucky, Lexington
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20120701
• Source Full Name:
  PLoS One
• End Date:
  20240630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:eceaac1caa571dc4e1bd1a0a610f482be1c3422b9ec00048bb1bfd0d9850a4e4c8d3faf767e29340e741d7b73521f072f1ae35fb8381b9a4ea874c5172b28036
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/249563/cdc_249563_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 835.99 KB ]