Comparative pulmonary toxicities of lunar dusts and terrestrial dusts (TiO2 & SiO2) in rats and an assessment of the impact of particle-generated oxidants on the dusts' toxicities.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Barger M ; Castranova, Vincent ; Cooper B ; Driscoll KE ; Gardner DE ; Hunter R ; James JT ; Lam C-w ; McClellan RO ; McCluskey R ; McKay D ; Meighan T ; Renne R ; Ryder VE ; Scully RR ; Wallace WT ; Zeidler-Erdely PC ; Zhang Y
• Description:
  Humans will set foot on the Moon again soon. The lunar dust (LD) is potentially reactive and could pose an inhalation hazard to lunar explorers. We elucidated LD toxicity and investigated the toxicological impact of particle surface reactivity (SR) using three LDs, quartz, and TiO2. We first isolated the respirable-size-fraction of an Apollo-14 regolith and ground two coarser samples to produce fine LDs with increased SR. SR measurements of these five respirable-sized dusts, determined by their in-vitro ability to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH), showed that ground LDs > unground LD ≥ TiO2 ≥ quartz. Rats were each intratracheally instilled with 0, 1, 2.5, or 7.5 mg of a test dust. Toxicity biomarkers and histopathology were assessed up to 13 weeks after the bolus instillation. All dusts caused dose-dependent-increases in pulmonary lesions and toxicity biomarkers. The three LDs, which possessed mineral compositions/properties similar to Arizona volcanic ash, were moderately toxic. Despite a 14-fold ·OH difference among these three LDs, their toxicities were indistinguishable. Quartz produced the lowest ·OH amount but showed the greatest toxicity. Our results showed no correlation between the toxicity of mineral dusts and their ability to generate free radicals. We also showed that the amounts of oxidants per neutrophil increased with doses, time and the cytotoxicity of the dusts in the lung, which supports our postulation that dust-elicited neutrophilia is the major persistent source of oxidative stress. These results and the discussion of the crucial roles of the short-lived, continuously replenished neutrophils in dust-induced pathogenesis are presented. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Dust Laboratories Lung Occupational Health Quartz Respiratory System Safety Silicon Dioxide Titanium
• Keywords:
  Aerospace Environment; Dusts; Dust Inhalation; Laboratory Animals; Reactive Oxygen Species; ROS; Neutrophils; Alveolar Cells; Quartz Dust; Titanium Dioxide; Silicon Dioxide; Respirable Dust; Author Keywords: Lunar Dust; Moon Dust; Pulmonary Toxicity; Alveolar Neutrophils; Dust Grinding; ROS
• ISSN:
  0895-8378
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Florida ; Georgia ; New Jersey ; New Mexico ; Oklahoma ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 2 ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 6 ; Texas ; Washington ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  51-67
• Volume:
  34
• Issue:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20064902
• Citation:
  Inhal Toxicol 2022 Mar; 34(3-4):51-67
• Contact Point Address:
  Chiu-wing Lam, NASA Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division and KBR Human Health and Performance Contract, Johnson Space Center, SK411, Houston, TX 77058, USA
• Email:
  chiu-wing.lam-1@nasa.gov
• CAS Registry Number:
  Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7) ; Silica (CAS RN 7631-86-9) ; Titania (CAS RN 13463-67-7)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• NORA Priority Area:
  Manufacturing
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Inhalation Toxicology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:fb7fe4c64b05d5ebaf78a66ee63565c7a5ff42ea2275234cfb20b66a82d4bf8097aa255d8871c0d740b704fad690c0dbf1ca44d278aaa4d814e1830e08406f12
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/248807/cdc_248807_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 2.87 MB ]