Biological effects of inhaled crude oil vapor. II. Pulmonary effects.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Dey RD ; Fedan, Jeffery S. ; Jackson MC ; Kashon ML ; McKinney W ; Reynolds JS ; Russ KA ; Thompson JA
• Description:
  Workers involved in oil exploration and production in the upstream petroleum industry are exposed to crude oil vapor (COV). COV levels in the proximity of workers during production tank gauging and opening of thief hatches can exceed regulatory standards, and several deaths have occurred after opening thief hatches. There is a paucity of information regarding the effects of COV inhalation in the lung. To address these knowledge gaps, the present hazard identification study was undertaken to investigate the effects of an acute, single inhalation exposure (6 h) or a 28 d sub-chronic exposure (6 h/d × 4 d/wk × 4 wks) to COV (300 ppm; Macondo well surrogate oil) on ventilatory and non-ventilatory functions of the lung in a rat model 1 and 28 d after acute exposure, and 1, 28 and 90 d following sub-chronic exposure. Basal airway resistance was increased 90 d post-sub-chronic exposure, but reactivity to methacholine (MCh) was unaffected. In the isolated, perfused trachea preparation the inhibitory effect of the airway epithelium on reactivity to MCh was increased at 90 d post-exposure. Efferent cholinergic nerve activity regulating airway smooth muscle was unaffected by COV exposure. Acute exposure did not affect basal airway epithelial ion transport, but 28 d after sub-chronic exposure alterations in active (Na+ and Cl-) and passive ion transport occurred. COV treatment did not affect lung vascular permeability. The findings indicate that acute and sub-chronic COV inhalation does not appreciably affect ventilatory properties of the rat, but transient changes in airway epithelium occur. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Animals Cytotoxins Hazardous Substances Immune System Lung Occupational Health Oil And Gas Industry Respiratory System Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: Crude Oil Vapor; Lung; Pulmonary Function; Toxicity; Inhalation Exposure; Animal Model; Rat Oil Vapors; Oil Industry; Crude Oil; Inhalation; Health Effects; Animal Studies; Lung; Pulmonary Effects; Immune Reaction; Cytotoxicity;
• ISSN:
  0041-008X
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  HELD - Health Effects Laboratory Division
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  450
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20065691
• Citation:
  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022 Sep; 450:116154
• Contact Point Address:
  Jeffrey S. Fedan, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1000 Frederick Lane, Morgantown, WV 26508, United States of America
• Email:
  jsf2@cdc.gov
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• NORA Priority Area:
  Oil and Gas Extraction
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:360a6d4d8ea55f8b9b4500d9b01f12a5603afb024f0001d06d37efbc9709da46964da1a4ffb06b4400d9912d347eed376b3dca3758eeddb033d42bb7872447e6
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/248793/cdc_248793_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 995.27 KB ]