Evaluation of Drosophila for screening developmental toxicants: test results with eighteen chemicals and presentation of a new Drosophila bioassay.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Davis RG ; Hood RD ; Lynch DW ; Schuler RL
• Description:
  A modified Drosophila assay for screening developmental toxicants was described. The assay utilized Oregon-R wild type Drosophila- melanogaster. Flies were exposed to the test agent from the egg through three larval stages by incorporating five range finding concentrations of the chemical into the culture medium. A total of 200 emergent adult flies were examined intact and scored for a bent humeral bristle and a notch in the wing blade. After the data were analyzed by probit techniques, the concentrations of the test agent were adjusted to provide at least three challenge concentrations. The protocol was repeated using a minimum of 500 pooled flies per concentration over three runs. If statistically significant results were not obtained, additional trials using adjusted concentrations were performed. The modified assay was used to evaluate 18 compounds. Urethane (51796), meprobamate (57534), hydroxyurea (127071), vincristine-sulfate (2068782), procarbazine-hydrochloride (366701), 2,4,5-T (93765), caffeine (58082), acetazolamide (59665), EM-12 (26581817), 6-aminonicotineamide (329895), acetylsalicylic- acid (50782), ethanol (64175), and cyclophosphamide (50180) were known developmental toxicants. Sodium-saccharin (128449), formaldehyde (50000), diphenylhydramine-hydrochloride (147240), nitrilotriacetic-acid (139139), and amaranth (915673) were nondevelopmental toxicants. Among the developmental toxicants, all except ethanol, acetylsalicylic-acid, and cyclophosphamide gave positive responses in the modified assay. All nondevelopmental toxicants except sodium-saccharin were identified correctly. The responses indicated a sensitivity of the modified assay of 77%, a specificity of 80%, and overall accuracy of 78%. Experiments leading to optimization of the assay were described. The authors conclude that the modified assay using intact Drosophila can be used to screen chemicals for developmental toxicity. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Biological Assay Insecta Laboratories Occupational Health Safety Teratogenesis
• Keywords:
  NIOSH-Author; In-vivo-studies; Insects; Bioassays; Teratogens; Laboratory-techniques; Organic-compounds; Screening-methods
• ISSN:
  0270-3211
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  Ohio ; Oregon ; OSHA Region 10 ; OSHA Region 5
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DBBS - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  147-173
• Volume:
  11
• Issue:
  3
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00203730
• Citation:
  Teratog, Carcinog, Mutagen 1991 Jan; 11(3):147-173
• Contact Point Address:
  Dennis W. Lynch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Mail Stop C-23), Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
• CAS Registry Number:
  3-(1,3-Dihydro-1-oxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-2,6-piperidinedione (CAS RN 26581-81-7) ; 6-Aminonicotinamide (CAS RN 329-89-5) ; Acetazolamide (CAS RN 59-66-5) ; Aspirin (CAS RN 50-78-2) ; C.I. Acid Red 27 (CAS RN 915-67-3) ; Caffeine (CAS RN 58-08-2) ; Carbamic acid, ethyl ester (CAS RN 51-79-6) ; Cyclophosphamide (CAS RN 50-18-0) ; Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (CAS RN 147-24-0) ; Ethanol (CAS RN 64-17-5) ; Formaldehyde (CAS RN 50-00-0) ; Hydroxyurea (CAS RN 127-07-1) ; Meprobamate (CAS RN 57-53-4) ; Nitrilotriacetic acid (CAS RN 139-13-9) ; Procarbazine hydrochloride (CAS RN 366-70-1) ; Sodium saccharin (CAS RN 128-44-9) ; Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (CAS RN 93-76-5) ; Vincristine sulfate (CAS RN 2068-78-2)
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1991
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Source Full Name:
  Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7dc847c09aedf140bc731323e8446b4703641ae07d6ad9e7b7238120dab30b8f7dcaa9b938d34d035f87873a0fe7fec262d5d13dcaf290925445e82b6de3b57d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/247738/cdc_247738_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 168.02 KB ]