Environmental toxicity of isocyanates.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Brown WE
• Description:
  Isocyanates are a group of highly reactive chemicals whose role in industrial synthesis continues to increase. Isocyanates are used for production of polyurethanes, rigid and flexible foams, and pesticides. Exposure to isocyanate vapors is a particular hazard for workers in occupations such as paint and coatings application, which require the use of the reactive form of the compound. Typical responses to isocyanates range from sensory irritation to chronic pulmonary disease. The identification of the specific in vivo targets of inhaled isocyanates will enable development of appropriate radioimmunoassays for use in the analysis of blood or urine samples from workers to determine the extent of their exposure to isocyanates. The application of the exposure protocol used in these studies may provide new information to define different threshold events in the exposure to isocyanates. These include a true definition of the threshold for tissue damages, for sensitization, and for appearance of circulating modified macromolecules. Results of these studies will identify in vivo reactions of airborne isocyanates and provide methods for quantitative evaluation of isocyanate exposures. Conclusions drawn from these studies may be used to evaluate mechanisms involving exposure to reactive gases. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Blood Chemistry Hematologic Tests Isocyanates Occupational Exposure Occupational Health Paint Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Urine
• Keywords:
  Isocyanates; Chemical-reactions; Occupational-exposure; Occupational-hazards; Workers; Painting; Paints; Pulmonary-system-disorders; In-vivo-studies; Blood-samples; Urinalysis
• Series:
  Grant Final Reports
• Publisher:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Final Grant Report
• Place as Subject:
  Georgia ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 4 ; Pennsylvania
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  OEP - Office of Extramural Programs
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  1-9
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20023850
• Citation:
  Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, R01-OH-002214, 1990 Dec; :1-9
• Contact Point Address:
  Carnegie-Mellon University, 440 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1991
• Performing Organization:
  Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Start Date:
  19870201
• Source Full Name:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• End Date:
  19900630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7dc847c09aedf140bc731323e8446b4703641ae07d6ad9e7b7238120dab30b8f7dcaa9b938d34d035f87873a0fe7fec262d5d13dcaf290925445e82b6de3b57d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/246360/cdc_246360_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 168.02 KB ]