Role of surface free radicals in the pathogenicity of silica.

Details

• Personal Author:
  Castranova, Vincent ; Dalal NS ; Vallyathan V
• Description:
  This chapter presented evidence supporting the theory that free radicals are generated on cleavage planes of silica (14808607) which result in greater cytotoxicity and pathogenicity of silica dust. The generation of radicals on the surface of silica and the generation of hydroxyl radicals by freshly ground silica were discussed. Results of studies on the in-vitro cytotoxicity, the inflammatory potential, and the in-vivo pulmonary response to freshly ground versus aged silica were presented. The data as presented indicated that grinding or fracturing crystalline silica breaks the silica to oxygen bonds and generates silicon based radicals on the cleavage planes. These surface radicals were able to react with water to generate hydroxyl radicals. The process appeared to involve a Fenton type reaction. The surface and/or hydroxyl radicals were toxic to pulmonary cells both in-vitro and in- vivo causing increased lipid peroxidation and membrane leakiness. Fresh silica was a more potent stimulator of reactive product generation by alveolar macrophages than was aged silica. Cytokine production may also be elevated after inhalation of freshly fractured silica, since bronchoalveolar lavage yields high numbers of inflammatory cells after the inhalation of freshly milled dust. Sandblasters, rock drillers, and silica flour millers are exposed to freshly fractured silica. Therefore, the authors suggest that these workers may be at unique risk of suffering pulmonary damage and developing disease. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Cytotoxins Dust Lung Occupational Health Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Diseases Safety Silicon Dioxide
• Keywords:
  Lung-irritants; Lung-cells; Cytotoxic-effects; Silica-dusts; Pulmonary-function; Sand-blasting; Respiratory-system-disorders; Sand-blasters; Mineral-dusts; Dust-exposure; Dust-inhalation
• ISBN:
  9780849347092
• Publisher:
  CRC Press
• Document Type:
  Text
• Genre:
  Book
• Place as Subject:
  OSHA Region 3 ; West Virginia
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Division:
  DRDS - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Pages in Document:
  91-105
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:00238731
• Citation:
  Silica and silica-induced lung diseases. Castranova V, Vallyathan V, Wallace WE, eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1995 Dec; :91-105
• CAS Registry Number:
  Quartz (SiO2) (CAS RN 14808-60-7)
• Editor(s):
  Castranova V; Vallyathan V; Wallace WE
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  1996
• Peer Reviewed:
  False
• Source Full Name:
  Silica and silica-induced lung diseases
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:7dc847c09aedf140bc731323e8446b4703641ae07d6ad9e7b7238120dab30b8f7dcaa9b938d34d035f87873a0fe7fec262d5d13dcaf290925445e82b6de3b57d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/243612/cdc_243612_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 168.02 KB ]