Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control and Sodium Intake in Shandong Province, China: Baseline Results From Shandong–Ministry of Health Action on Salt Reduction and Hypertension (SMASH), 2011

Details

• Journal Article:
  Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
• Personal Author:
  Bi, Zhenqiang ; Liang, Xiaofeng ; Xu, Aiqiang ; Wang, Linghong ; Shi, Xiaoming ; Zhao, Wenhua ; Ma, Jixiang ; Guo, Xiaolei ; Zhang, Xiaofei ; Zhang, Jiyu ; Ren, Jie ; Yan, Liuxia ; Lu, Zilong ; Wang, Huicheng ; Tang, Junli ; Cai, Xiaoning ; Dong, Jing ; Zhang, Juan ; Chu, Jie ; Engelgau, Michael ; Yang, Quanhe ; Hong, Yuling ; Wang, Yu
• Description:
  Introduction
  
  In China, population-based blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension are increasing. Meanwhile, sodium intake, a major risk factor for hypertension, is high. In 2011, to develop intervention priorities for a salt reduction and hypertension control project in Shandong Province (population 96 million), a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information on sodium intake and hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control.
  
  Methods
  
  Complex, multistage sampling methods were used to select a provincial-representative adult sample. Blood pressure was measured and a survey conducted among all participants; condiments were weighed in the household, a 24-hour dietary recall was conducted, and urine was collected. Hypertension was determined by blood pressure measured on a single occasion and self-reported use of antihypertension medications.
  
  Results
  
  Overall, 23.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.9%–26.0%) of adults in Shandong were estimated to have hypertension. Among those classified as having hypertension, approximately one-third (34.5%) reported having hypertension, approximately one-fourth (27.5%) reported taking medications, and one-seventh (14.9%) had their blood pressure controlled (<140/<90 mm Hg). Estimated total average daily dietary sodium intake was 5,745 mg (95% CI, 5,428 mg–6,063 mg). Most dietary sodium (80.8%) came from salt and high-salt condiments added during cooking: a sodium intake of 4,640 mg (95% CI, 4,360 mg–4,920 mg). The average daily urinary sodium excretion was 5,398 mg (95% CI, 5,112 mg–5,683 mg).
  
  Conclusion
  
  Hypertension and excessive sodium intake in adults are major public health problems in Shandong Province, China.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Adult Aged Antihypertensive Agents Awareness Cluster Analysis Cross-Sectional Studies Diet, Sodium-Restricted Diet Records Female Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Hypertension Male Mental Recall Middle Aged Original Research Prevalence Rural Population Sampling Studies Sodium, Dietary Sodium/urine Surveys And Questionnaires Taste Perception Urban Population Young Adult

  More +
• Source:
  Prev Chronic Dis. 11.
• DOI:
  http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd11.130423
• ISSN:
  1545-1151
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  China
• Location:
  Asia
• Volume:
  11
• Collection(s):
  Preventing Chronic Disease
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:ae57eefe7add32491ffe9330ee01dc78fa9af60ec92acbc862ceadd8838ed9f6256f3eddf116e3d86dce973ce45efbdb90456760803d12f6d5a1af3a58f546e2
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/23250/cdc_23250_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 877.75 KB ]