Exposure Contrasts of Pregnant Women During the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial

Details

• Personal Author:
  Balakrishnan K ; Campbell, David D. ; Chang HH ; Checkley W ; Clark ML ; Clasen T ; Díaz-Artiga A ; Dusabimana E ; Johnson M ; Kearns KA ; Kirby MA ; Kremer J ; McCracken J ; Mukhopadhyay K ; Naeher L ; Ndagijimana F ; Peel JL ; Piedrahita R ; Pillarisetti A ; Rosa G ; Rosenthal JP ; Sambandam S ; Steenland, Kyle ; Underhill LJ ; Waller L ; Wang J
• Corporate Authors:
  Household Air Pollution Intervention Network
• Description:
  Background: Exposure to PM2.5 arising from solid fuel combustion is estimated to result in approx. 2.3 million premature deaths and 91 million lost disability-adjusted life years annually. Interventions attempting to mitigate this burden have had limited success in reducing exposures to levels thought to provide substantive health benefits. Objectives: This paper reports exposure reductions achieved by a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) stove and fuel intervention for pregnant mothers in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial. Methods: The HAPIN trial included 3,195 households primarily using biomass for cooking in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Twenty-four-hour exposures to PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), and black carbon (BC) were measured for pregnant women once before randomization into control (n = 1,605) and LPG (n = 1,590) arms and twice thereafter (aligned with trimester). Changes in exposure were estimated by directly comparing exposures between intervention and control arms and by using linear mixed-effect models to estimate the impact of the intervention on exposure levels. Results: Median postrandomization exposures of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in the intervention arm were lower by 66% at the first (71.5 vs. 24.1 µg/m3), and second follow-up visits (69.5 vs. 23.7 µg/m3) to controls. BC exposures were lower in the intervention arm by 72% (9.7 vs. 2.7 µg/m3) and 70% (9.6 vs. 2.8µg/m3) at the first and second follow-up visits, respectively, and carbon monoxide exposure was 82% lower at both visits (1.1 vs. 0.2 ppm) in comparison with controls. Exposure reductions were consistent over time and were similar across research locations. Discussion: Postintervention PM2.5 exposures in the intervention arm were at the lower end of what has been reported for LPG and other clean fuel interventions, with 69% of PM2.5 samples falling below the World Health Organization Annual Interim Target 1 of 35 µg/m3. This study indicates that an LPG intervention can reduce PM2.5 exposures to levels at or below WHO targets. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Air Pollution, Indoor Fuel Oils Occupational Health Particulate Matter Pregnancy Safety
• Keywords:
  Children Environmental Health Fuels Indoor Air Pollution Intervention Effectiveness Liquified Petroleum Gas LPG Particulates Prenatal Exposure
• ISSN:
  0091-6765
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Colorado ; Georgia ; Maryland ; Massachusetts ; Missouri ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 4 ; OSHA Region 7 ; OSHA Region 8 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  130
• Issue:
  9
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20067167
• Citation:
  Environ Health Perspect 2022 Sep; 130(9):97005
• Contact Point Address:
  Michael Johnson, 1935 Addison St., Suite A, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
• Email:
  mjohnson@berkeleyair.com
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2022
• Performing Organization:
  University of California, Berkeley
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  Environmental Health Perspectives
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:6dcd59baa8274ea89c72a953d5577f3dc8bfe749e7d1815d2ac80dc8bb3a345078907290de7af6ccefa15f00a8d0983dd1fda8236ad8bfa02027387ea2d16404
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/231309/cdc_231309_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 1.51 MB ]